Allegations of human rights abuses by members of non State armed groups have also been received.

Certain mandates required cooperation with other non State actors, such as the private sector and even armed groups.

The Special Rapporteur continued to receive reliable reports of forcible recruitment and training of children for the Government armed forces and non State armed groups.

Slovakia is therefore deeply concerned about the continued blatant disrespect for international humanitarian law on the part of armed groups and State and non State actors in armed conflicts against civilians.

Only States are parties to conventions non State actors are not bound by them. More important, most armed groups obey no laws, national or international.

UNDP rule of law Officers have been deployed in eastern Sudan, while in Darfur the programme is now also reaching out to non State armed groups beyond the state capitals and Government controlled territories.

It believes that some of the measures proposed would hinder acceptance of the MOTAPM instrument among armed groups in non international armed conflicts.

In addition, several armed non State actors continue to use anti personnel mines.

Since protagonists include States, and in particular their armed and police forces, as well as non State armed groups, we should underscore the fact that the fundamental humanitarian principles of independence, integrity and neutrality apply to this question in all circumstances.

The Special Rapporteur is very concerned to hear that the use of landmines by Government forces and some non State armed groups continues, affecting nine out of 14 states and divisions.

Non State actors and terrorist groups must be prevented from acquiring nuclear and radioactive materials for non peaceful uses.

The ongoing armed conflict between Government forces and non State armed groups of the various ethnic minority communities, combined with the perpetration of systematic and grave human rights violations have resulted in significant numbers of people fleeing their homes and becoming internally displaced persons and refugees.

(b) Violations attributed to armed groups

(b) Violations attributed to armed groups

It includes combatants affected by force downsizing, armed groups allied to the signatories of the agreement and foreign armed groups.

The relevant institutions of Haiti, non governmental organizations, UNICEF and MINUSTAH have been working on a strategy to separate children from armed groups.

The ethnic group remained exposed to various forms of violence by State and non State actors, resulting, inter alia, in displacement, killings and kidnappings by armed groups, torture and arbitrary detention in the context of the ongoing inter state boundary dispute and the ongoing boundary demarcation between Bangladesh and India.

(b) Armed groups that are distinct from the armed forces of a State not, under any circumstances, to recruit or use in hostilities persons under the age of 18 years

Disarmament and repatriation of foreign armed groups

Disarmament and repatriation of foreign armed groups

Negotiations are ongoing between First Vice President Salva Kiir and leaders of other armed groups on their participation in southern state governments.

It should be noted that because humanitarian law does not confer privileged combatant status on members of dissident armed groups in non international armed conflicts, such persons are not entitled on capture to POW status.

57) against children. Armed groups that recruit and use children in armed conflicts are named.

It declares that the provisions in paragraph 2(e), which go beyond common Article 3 and include some additional Geneva and Hague law, apply to armed conflicts that take place in the territory of a State when there is a protracted armed conflict between governmental authorities and organized armed groups or between such groups. '

In some cases, omission on the part of the authorities or complicity with illegal armed groups, particularly paramilitaries, invoked the responsibility of the State.

The third factor is the willingness of outside groups both states and non state groups to prolong Iraq s misery by supporting the insurgency, whether overtly or by inaction.

In response, citizens illegally formed armed self defense groups.

Clearer guidance on how to address access issues with non State armed groups, without indication of recognition, and a better understanding that enabling humanitarian access is a responsibility of all parties to a conflict may make a positive difference in addressing this issue.

The disarmament of armed groups is, in our view, the sine qua non for restoring stability on the island and for the success of the transitional process.

As traditional warfare gives way to modern non traditional, domestic or informal armed conflicts, the parameters of the effect of armed conflict on treaties are left in a considerable state of uncertainty.

There was no precedent for demanding that one Member State should bear sole responsibility for costs incurred when armed groups endangered United Nations peacekeeping forces.

Meron explains these thresholds as they relate to international armed conflict, non international armed conflict and lower intensity violence not rising to the level of non international armed conflict

There is also the risk that nuclear weapons may fall into the hands of non state actors, such as terrorist groups.

Former leaders of Ituri armed groups continue to wield influence

Ministers, Heads of State Institutions, Commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces, Chief of State Police, Attorney General, Provincial Governors, District Heads and Majors, and Non Ministerial Government Bodies and institutions

Efforts by both the Government and the armed groups to control armed elements are often insufficient or ineffective.

Whereas some children join armed groups for food or in order to survive or to avenge atrocities in their communities, others are physically abducted by armed groups for war.

Such weapons may end up in the hands of groups involved in armed conflicts as well as organized criminal groups and terrorist groups.

Some leaders of other armed groups have been offered government positions.

Monitoring of the cessation of hostilities and movements of armed groups

All parties involved in the hostilities, be they the State or illegal armed groups (guerrillas or paramilitaries), must comply with the obligations imposed by international humanitarian law.

C. Equality, non discrimination and special groups

The armed groups are rearming and the conflict is spreading outside Darfur.

The current intense international concern about weapons of mass destruction proliferation, including potentially to non State groups, has added to the importance of the nuclear non proliferation regime based on the Treaty.

The entire region is going through a dangerous process of Somaliazation, with an expanding chain of non state agents, mostly radical Islamist groups, challenging the idea of the state almost everywhere.