Moreover, monetary policy cannot be a long term substitute for structural reforms and sustainable budgets.

Increases in civil service salaries are not a sufficient policy response structural reforms also are needed.

EMU was designed to encourage structural reforms.

This isn t for lack of structural reforms.

A shadow or actual International Monetary Fund program would vastly enhance the credibility of a policy of fiscal retrenchment and structural reforms.

That policy, almost instantly dubbed Abenomics, comprises what have been called the three arrows bold monetary policy, an expansionary fiscal stance, and structural reforms to stimulate private investment.

Europe s salvation now depends on a fundamental change in Germany s economic policy stance, and in France s position on political integration and structural reforms.

Individual countries would still need to undertake structural reforms.

Fiscal discipline remains essential, as are deep structural reforms.

In this climate, no progressive structural reforms are likely.

The country was also slow in implementing structural reforms.

The Spanish government announces additional fiscal cuts and structural reforms.

France urgently needs structural reforms and thus a strong government.

Nonetheless, years of political paralysis and postponed structural reforms have created vulnerabilities.

From the doubling of the money supply to additional fiscal stimulus and wide ranging structural reforms, the new policy paradigm is nothing less than one of the boldest economic policy experiments in Japan s post war history.

So political constraints may prevent fiscal austerity and structural reforms from being implemented.

Strident calls for structural reforms mainly target labor markets, rather than product markets.

Any loosening by the PBoC should not be used to avoid painful structural reforms.

For the uncompetitive parts of the eurozone, structural reforms can no longer be postponed.

So called structural reforms may help, but the likely gains are small and uncertain.

Likewise, key structural reforms in the judicial, health and public administration sectors were required.

In addition to maintaining sound public finances, German leaders implemented difficult structural reforms aimed at improving international competitiveness, including painful labor market reforms.

There are structural explanations for policy inaction as well.

Now, the pressure is on for structural reforms covering everything from labor markets to taxation.

While fears of meltdown have dissipated, these policies have been maintained or extended, with policymakers citing the fragility of the ongoing economic recovery and the absence of other, equally strong policy levers such as fiscal policy or structural reforms that could replace monetary policy quickly enough.

But, to accomplish this transition, China s leaders must implement deep and comprehensive structural reforms that reverse a policy approach that continues to encourage investment and exports while explicitly and implicitly taxing consumption.

Furthermore, economic policy changes and structural reforms that were enacted in the wake of the 1997 1998 Asian financial crisis significantly reduced the region s vulnerability to financial shocks over the past decade.

Even structural reforms that will eventually increase productivity growth can be recessionary in the short run.

But, during a period of weak domestic demand, structural reforms might actually exacerbate short term problems.

It's election season in Germany, France and Italy, so the time for structural reforms is over.

Structural reforms are also necessary in most European economies to bolster competitiveness and boost potential growth.

In the former case, politicians implement structural reforms aimed at redistributing costs and benefits among generations.

That means that courageous structural reforms must still be pursued in the peripheral countries indeed, throughout Europe.

This would involve less emphasis on fiscal and structural reforms, raising concerns in Berlin, Brussels, and Frankfurt.

And Japan s political stalemate on structural reforms has left it helpless to stem long term economic decline.

To be sure, the EU s technocratic focus on structural reforms is having some effect in the region.

In short, implementation of fiscal, financial, and structural reforms can mitigate the spillover effects from China s slowdown.

The idea that structural and labor market reforms can deliver quick growth is nothing but a mirage.

These measures have been drawn from the National Health Policy, Education Sector Reforms, Labor Policy, Access to Justice Program, Police Reforms, Poverty Alleviation Program etc.

Demographic developments alone require major reforms of social policy.

Structural reform cannot wait. Nationalism should be channeled toward securing public support for deep economic and social reforms.

Eurobonds would not cure disparities in competitiveness eurozone countries would still need to undertake their own structural reforms.

At the same time that political changes helped spread democracy across Latin America, structural economic reforms were strengthened.

This mechanism should also provide financial support for structural reforms through limited, temporary, flexible, and targeted financial incentives.

Let us hope that the pace of recovery will increase as the necessary structural reforms are being completed.