EMU was designed to encourage structural reforms.

This isn t for lack of structural reforms.

Individual countries would still need to undertake structural reforms.

Fiscal discipline remains essential, as are deep structural reforms.

In this climate, no progressive structural reforms are likely.

The country was also slow in implementing structural reforms.

The Spanish government announces additional fiscal cuts and structural reforms.

France urgently needs structural reforms and thus a strong government.

Nonetheless, years of political paralysis and postponed structural reforms have created vulnerabilities.

So political constraints may prevent fiscal austerity and structural reforms from being implemented.

Strident calls for structural reforms mainly target labor markets, rather than product markets.

Any loosening by the PBoC should not be used to avoid painful structural reforms.

For the uncompetitive parts of the eurozone, structural reforms can no longer be postponed.

So called structural reforms may help, but the likely gains are small and uncertain.

Likewise, key structural reforms in the judicial, health and public administration sectors were required.

In addition to maintaining sound public finances, German leaders implemented difficult structural reforms aimed at improving international competitiveness, including painful labor market reforms.

Now, the pressure is on for structural reforms covering everything from labor markets to taxation.

Moreover, monetary policy cannot be a long term substitute for structural reforms and sustainable budgets.

Even structural reforms that will eventually increase productivity growth can be recessionary in the short run.

But, during a period of weak domestic demand, structural reforms might actually exacerbate short term problems.

Increases in civil service salaries are not a sufficient policy response structural reforms also are needed.

It's election season in Germany, France and Italy, so the time for structural reforms is over.

Structural reforms are also necessary in most European economies to bolster competitiveness and boost potential growth.

In the former case, politicians implement structural reforms aimed at redistributing costs and benefits among generations.

That means that courageous structural reforms must still be pursued in the peripheral countries indeed, throughout Europe.

This would involve less emphasis on fiscal and structural reforms, raising concerns in Berlin, Brussels, and Frankfurt.

And Japan s political stalemate on structural reforms has left it helpless to stem long term economic decline.

To be sure, the EU s technocratic focus on structural reforms is having some effect in the region.

In short, implementation of fiscal, financial, and structural reforms can mitigate the spillover effects from China s slowdown.

The idea that structural and labor market reforms can deliver quick growth is nothing but a mirage.

Structural reform cannot wait. Nationalism should be channeled toward securing public support for deep economic and social reforms.

Eurobonds would not cure disparities in competitiveness eurozone countries would still need to undertake their own structural reforms.

At the same time that political changes helped spread democracy across Latin America, structural economic reforms were strengthened.

This mechanism should also provide financial support for structural reforms through limited, temporary, flexible, and targeted financial incentives.

Let us hope that the pace of recovery will increase as the necessary structural reforms are being completed.

While it relies on profligate subsidies and cash handouts, Thaksinomics also banks on structural reforms to propel economic growth.

It stems from a pattern of postponed or partial structural reforms, of privatizations that benefit elites but hurt consumers.

For example, structural reforms in Europe are thought impossible to enact unless imposed by some reincarnation of Margaret Thatcher.

In fact, there are two problems with all this talk and little or no real action on structural reforms.

What the best structural reforms actually are remains a matter for debate. But in most countries, they include some combination of tax, labor market, service sector, and education reforms, as well as reforms in territorial administration, particularly in France.

Beyond 2013, growth must depend on either the elixir of structural reforms, or a strong revival of the global economy.

As they undertake structural reforms across multiple sectors, China s leaders have the opportunity to bolster their country s long term prosperity.

Structural reforms are always useful, but increasing productivity takes a long time and does not always translate into higher competitiveness.

And central bankers are right to insist on structural reforms and credible plans for balancing budgets in the long term.

Postponing structural reforms eventually constrains any economy s performance, as we saw in Japan in the 1980 s and 1990 s.