As a result, with investment demand remaining robust, inflation could spread.

Lack of robust credit growth will hamper private consumption and investment spending.

Sustainable growth requires sustained private sector demand.

A more certain future would restore confidence, boosting private investment and ensuring a robust recovery.

With private sector demand still weak, austerity is slowing, not accelerating, recovery.

Where demand exceeded supply, private education voucher recipients were selected by lottery.

The private sector has met most of the growing demand for childcare.

Thus, there is a global slackening of aggregate demand relative to the glut of supply capacity, which will impede a robust global economic recovery.

What is needed is a large worldwide fiscal stimulus to counteract falling private demand.

Carbon prices expand the potential for both public and private financing by raising public revenue and creating private sector demand for emission reductions.

One narrative features a robust German economy with low unemployment, strong finances, and the right competitive position to exploit the most dynamic segments of global demand.

In general, growth was broadly based, supported by robust export growth and higher commodity prices as well as strong domestic demand driven by low interest rates.

Ongoing private and public debt deleveraging has kept global demand growth below that of supply.

Public debt could be reduced without fear of recession, because private demand would be stronger.

Second, the financial system both banks and non bank institutions is severely damaged. Lack of robust credit growth will hamper private consumption and investment spending.

Governments absorb the excess of private savings over private investment and re inject it into the global economy, thereby stabilizing aggregate demand and the financial system.

The economy of Lebanon is a developing economy, with a private sector that contributes to 75 of aggregate demand and a large banking sector that supports this demand.

The pace of deficit reduction must be slowed, particularly in Spain, because output is determined in the short run by demand, and private demand cannot replace public demand until a degree of faith in the future is restored.

Reducing dependence on external demand for example, by promoting private sector investment and encouraging household expenditure is crucial.

What s Stopping Robust Recovery?

With private consumption representing more than 70 of aggregate US demand, cutbacks in household spending will deepen the recession.

Private and public deleveraging can hardly take place at the same time, unless trade partners generate demand for exports.

First, it means shifting demand back to the private sector when it is strong enough to carry the load.

The task for economic policy was to compensate for the resulting shortfall in private demand until households eventually recovered.

An income tax hike will reduce private demand (unless one believes in perfect Ricardian equivalence), including demand for other countries exports. Other macroeconomic policies of all kinds influence the current account balance.

The response to the private sector failures and profligacy that had caused the crisis was to demand public sector austerity!

Second, the pace of consolidation should remain moderate as long as private demand remains constrained by deleveraging or credit restrictions.

Public transport options remain inadequate, and demand for private vehicles continues to grow dramatically, in industrialized and developing countries alike.

Large increases in public and private expenditures will therefore be required in many regions of the world to counteract falling demand.

The Lehman Brothers bankruptcy created an extraordinary and immediate demand for additional bank capital, which the private sector could not supply.

Half of India s growth has come from private consumption, and less than 10 from external demand by contrast, 65 of China s real GDP growth comes from exports, and only 25 from private consumption.

Bernanke s defense was robust and unequivocal.

Finally, they will be robust democracies.

The effects of the policy stimulus, moreover, will fizzle out by early next year, requiring greater private demand to support continued growth.

The imbalances were reduced temporarily as the global financial crisis caused private demand to drop in the US, the UK, and elsewhere.

If income concentration could be reduced as the budget deficit was reduced, demand could be financed by sustainable, broad based private incomes.

16. Encourages regional cooperation, including through the private sector and public private partnerships, to intermediate between savings and demand for long term investment in developing countries, including the development, where appropriate, of regional bond markets

Japan s deflation and economic stagnation over the last two decades stemmed largely from a dysfunctional financial system and a lack of private demand.

As the private sector deleverages and attempts to rebuild its balance sheets, consumption and investment demand have collapsed, bringing output down with them.

Sustained robust growth and rising aggregate demand have also caused production bottlenecks outside of China, most notably in the agricultural commodity and mining sectors, which have helped lift oil prices to more than 100 per barrel.

We demand an increase in the wages of the public and private sectors to decrease the burden of living expenses on the working class

One essential condition is setting a robust carbon price of 25 per ton of CO2 in order to unleash the large private sector investments that are necessary to finance the transition to a low carbon economy.

So this also turns out to be extremely robust.

And it shows you how robust the control is.

A more robust global financial system is urgently needed.