Therefore, compulsory contributions to a social insurance scheme must not necessarily result in the payment of insurance benefits.

Social insurance

Source Social Insurance Board, www.ensib.ee

Benefiting from social security programmes.

The National Insurance Institute (NII) is the governmental body responsible for the administration of the social insurance programs.

Social security may refer to social insurance, where people receive benefits or services in recognition of contributions to an insurance program.

The obligatory health insurance funds are collected by the health insurance offices in cantons and Federation and Republika Srpska health insurance funds.

Insurance companies, insurance brokers, and institutions involved with private pension plans or social security

Social Insurance mitigates risks associated with unemployment, ill health, disability, work related injury and old age, such as health insurance or unemployment insurance.

The payment of contributions is different depending on regions and the health insurance payer.

The system of social security is still developing in Pakistan.

By 2002, about 4.4m people had bought social insurance, of which 3.8 m were from the State sector and accounted for 86.4 of the total buyers.

The Panel sought additional information as to whether insurance companies in Kuwait required policyholders to pay premiums during this period.

The protection will be covered by means of the establishment of a collective fund separated from the existing social security fund.

Female workers who have paid social insurance for 15 years receive pension equal to 45 of the average monthly salary, which is the basis for payment of social insurance, as applied for male workers.

Health insurance or medical expenses would be an example where the business would have to pay the FairTax on these purchases.

Although such programs have been substantial in Europe and the US, the working poor remain as marginalized as ever.

Now relevant agencies are helping the Government to finalize the policy on social insurance for voluntary retirement, so that workers from all economic sectors, including farmers and freelance workers can have pension.

Mexico has chosen a targeted insurance scheme for households that are not covered by social security scheme and are too poor to afford private insurance.

But even for full time employees, firms can opt to pay a relatively small fine rather than provide insurance.

Female workers aged 55, having paid social insurance for 25 years and male workers aged 60, having paid social insurance for 30 years, are entitled to equal maximum monthly pension in accordance with the Government's regulations.

The Social Security Act of 1990 is currently being amended to support the pattern, conditions, criteria and process of implementation of the above procedure. It is expected that, if this procedure is approved by the Cabinet, the current social security system may be extended to cover the informal sector by 2006.

And for each year of paid social insurance, they will receive one half of the average monthly salary up to five months.

Concerning social insurance, the Charter on Social Insurance has been revised in 2003 to include more provisions beneficial to female workers as mentioned above.

Government Decree 01 2003 ND CP on January 9, 2003 amending the Charter on Social Insurance.

As stated in the previous report, the voluntary social insurance has been applied on pilot basis in a number of localities.

As stated under Article 11 also, the system of social security is not very well developed in Pakistan.

A moratorium would allow the reduction of unemployment, calm the situation and decrease social tension.

The money may be paid by employers, private insurers, or government health care funds (the trickiest source).

At present, the number of female workers buying social insurance is very high (50.5 ), 52.2 of which belongs to the public service sector.

Throughout that period, the author paid contributions to the Spanish social security scheme on the maximum contribution basis for his occupational group.

Insuring Against Insurance

Women have already been denied access to a diagnostic test, because insurers refuse to pay the company s high prices.

According to the current regulations, those obliged to buy social insurance include employees of enterprises of different economic sectors including private and non state ones.

These benefits include housing allowance, transport allowance medical allowance and social security benefits.

There is an attempt to extend the protection under the Social Insurance Act to also cover home workers and other workers in the informal sector.

Compensation for industrial injuries and ill health are covered by the Worker Compensation Act applying to those workers that fall outside the scope of the Provincial Employees Social Security Ordinance, 1965.

Activities include insurance and annuities, life insurance, retirement insurance, health insurance, and property casualty insurance.

According to 2001 data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, the social security coverage of the employed EAP is about 16.7 per cent. This is equivalent to a national social security coverage level of less than 10 per cent.

America s Social Security system insulates individuals against the vagaries of the market and inflation, providing a form of insurance that the private market does not offer.

Job tenure may also serve as a form of social security, because the government performs miserably on providing a safety net and private insurance markets do not exist.

Legal regulation provided for the requirement that every Bosnia and Herzegovina citizen be part without discrimination in any area of social insurance coverage.

Employers, who hire men or women employees on a fixed term contract, in order to substitute employees absent from work on pregnancy or confinement leave for as long as that leave lasts, receive a subsidy equal to their insurance contribution towards the social insurance of the newly employed.

This means that unfortunately for the moment, rural women workers, unless they are working in large agro industrial units, are not entitled to social security.

20.2 Plans projects to bring home workers and other workers in the informal sector under the Social Insurance Act.