Therefore, compulsory contributions to a social insurance scheme must not necessarily result in the payment of insurance benefits.

The system of social security is still developing in Pakistan.

Social insurance

As stated under Article 11 also, the system of social security is not very well developed in Pakistan.

Source Social Insurance Board, www.ensib.ee

Benefiting from social security programmes.

Mexico has chosen a targeted insurance scheme for households that are not covered by social security scheme and are too poor to afford private insurance.

The National Insurance Institute (NII) is the governmental body responsible for the administration of the social insurance programs.

The Social Security Act of 1990 is currently being amended to support the pattern, conditions, criteria and process of implementation of the above procedure. It is expected that, if this procedure is approved by the Cabinet, the current social security system may be extended to cover the informal sector by 2006.

Social security may refer to social insurance, where people receive benefits or services in recognition of contributions to an insurance program.

The obligatory health insurance funds are collected by the health insurance offices in cantons and Federation and Republika Srpska health insurance funds.

Insurance companies, insurance brokers, and institutions involved with private pension plans or social security

Social Insurance mitigates risks associated with unemployment, ill health, disability, work related injury and old age, such as health insurance or unemployment insurance.

America s Social Security system insulates individuals against the vagaries of the market and inflation, providing a form of insurance that the private market does not offer.

At the eighteenth session, the Tribunal took note of the decision taken by the Registrar to provide to staff members of the Registry a new scheme of social security and to join, as of 1 January 2005, the United Nations health insurance scheme.

By 2002, about 4.4m people had bought social insurance, of which 3.8 m were from the State sector and accounted for 86.4 of the total buyers.

Beside this kind of insurance, beneficiaries participate in the costs of health services.

Integration into the social security system

The protection will be covered by means of the establishment of a collective fund separated from the existing social security fund.

Female workers who have paid social insurance for 15 years receive pension equal to 45 of the average monthly salary, which is the basis for payment of social insurance, as applied for male workers.

The Ministry of Labour, War Invalids and Social Affairs introduced, on 12 March 2003, Circular 07 2003 TTBLDTBXH providing guidelines on the implementation of some revised articles to the Social Insurance Regulations.

Although such programs have been substantial in Europe and the US, the working poor remain as marginalized as ever.

Now relevant agencies are helping the Government to finalize the policy on social insurance for voluntary retirement, so that workers from all economic sectors, including farmers and freelance workers can have pension.

Proper legislative basis for a stable development of the Insurance system in Armenia was created.

Female workers aged 55, having paid social insurance for 25 years and male workers aged 60, having paid social insurance for 30 years, are entitled to equal maximum monthly pension in accordance with the Government's regulations.

Anguilla has had a social security scheme since 1982.

And for each year of paid social insurance, they will receive one half of the average monthly salary up to five months.

Concerning social insurance, the Charter on Social Insurance has been revised in 2003 to include more provisions beneficial to female workers as mentioned above.

Government Decree 01 2003 ND CP on January 9, 2003 amending the Charter on Social Insurance.

As stated in the previous report, the voluntary social insurance has been applied on pilot basis in a number of localities.

Third, China has made significant progress in building its social security system.

It does so with remarkable efficiency.

In fact, deposit systems have proved effective in promoting recycling of a wide variety of products.

The social security system is to be extended to cover all workers and farmers.

For without a common political identity on which to base social solidarity, redistribution of wealth by the welfare state loses its legitimacy.

Employment and wages rose where the program was introduced, even though average working hours were unchanged.

At present, the number of female workers buying social insurance is very high (50.5 ), 52.2 of which belongs to the public service sector.

Operating in the country is a system of insurance that takes two forms State social insurance and voluntary social insurance (article 215 of the Labour Code).

An underlying system of discrimination based on socio economic status further reinforces their vulnerability.

Of course, several practical questions will have to be resolved before introducing a mobile phone deposit scheme.

Insuring Against Insurance

According to the current regulations, those obliged to buy social insurance include employees of enterprises of different economic sectors including private and non state ones.

These benefits include housing allowance, transport allowance medical allowance and social security benefits.

There is an attempt to extend the protection under the Social Insurance Act to also cover home workers and other workers in the informal sector.

The Computerized Insurance Management System developed by UNCTAD and AIO is now at a stage where a permanent service centre and technical support team will have to be established to service the demand for this facility throughout the African continent.