But this has changed with the creation of a European rescue fund in the form of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF).

The European Union believed that UNHCR should play a key role in that process.

No one will descend from the heavens, deus ex machina, to bail out the IMF or the EU.

Assistance to the Togolese refugees was covered from Trust Funds and through an allocation from the 1993 Emergency Fund.

But is an EMF really what is required in the long run? I think not.

The newly created European Financial Stability Facility may play a similar role, but its war chest is limited.

The EU s leaders will try hard to keep the IMF at bay.

To be sure, the EU budget contains flexible instruments, such as the EU Solidarity Fund, which provides emergency assistance after natural disasters.

The European Commission and EU member states are therefore planning to increase their assistance, both through the European Development Fund and by developing new sources of financial support.

In the case of countries with poor fiscal positions, Europe s rescue fund, the European Financial Stability Facility, can lend for this purpose.

And the last EU summit announced the creation of a permanent European Stability Mechanism (ESM) a sort of European Monetary Fund with an effective lending capacity of 500 billion.

European Union heads of government, and the European Central Bank, initially rejected the idea of involving the International Monetary Fund, but without a fall back plan.

That was why he had urged the European Union to consider the prospect of eventual accession to it of all parts of the former Yugoslavia.

The Employment Service, operating in the framework of the EU Initiative EQUAL, aims at referring the refugees to job positions.

Agreements with, and access to, the International Monetary Fund and Europe s new bailout fund provide (soft) constraints.

Urges upon the International Community to take efficient measures to ensure the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina and humanitarian assistance relating to return of the refugees and displaced people to their homes by means of OIC Trust Fund for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Financing should come from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, as well as from bilateral support provided by the US, the European Union, China, and the Gulf states.

Over a three year period, 67 per cent of the borrowing will be repaid from the European Development Fund allotment.

The signature of a landmark memorandum of understanding between the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Council of Europe Development Bank for the permanent housing of displaced persons is also a very welcome development.

But even the creation of a European Monetary Fund cannot save the world economy if confidence between China and the US breaks down.

139. A total of 166.6 metric tons of canned fish worth 492,771 was donated by the European Community for Togolese refugees in the Volta region.

In its 2011 forecast, the International Monetary Fund predicted that the European economy would grow by 2.1 in 2012.

The IMF, the World Bank, and other international financial institutions, such as the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, as well as the European Central Bank and the European Commission, have worked together to stabilize the situation.

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The Refugee Dilemma

Refugee Children.

Refugee registration

We pay tribute to the Office of the High Representative, the EU and all others that in one way or another have contributed to the return of refugees to Bosnia and Herzegovina in safety and dignity.

The European Union acknowledged the burden borne by other regions in protecting refugees and had therefore endorsed conclusions on pilot regional protection programmes which, in cooperation with UNHCR, were aimed at improving the protection of refugees and finding sustainable solutions to their plight.

9. Welcomes the strengthening of ties between New Caledonia and the European Union, and notes the European Development Fund assistance in infrastructural, cultural and human resource developments, including vocational training programmes

The International Monetary Fund, the European Commission, and the European Central Bank are often viewed as such technocratic institutions and as supporting the technocratic element within states and societies around the world.

Now the IMF has even accepted a minority lender role, with the bulk of assistance coming from the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), a new institution often viewed as an embryonic European Monetary Fund.

The core issue is burden sharing across bondholders, citizens of the deficit countries, the EU, and, indeed, the rest of the world (via the International Monetary Fund).

But the European Union collectively has roughly 30 of the votes at the IMF, and can effectively veto a more forceful approach to the European banking system.

And the decision to combine the eurozone s new bailout fund (the European Stability Mechanism) with the old one (the European Financial Stability Facility) significantly increased the size of the eurozone s firewall.

This will enable the ECB to put a lid on the borrowing costs of countries that submit to an austerity program under the supervision of the Troika (the IMF, the ECB, and the European Commission).

168. The European Union contributed 375 metric tons of dried skim milk for a supplementary feeding programme for Sierra Leonean refugees in the Upper Lofa area.

The programs developed by the REF ought to be scaled up by governments, with the help of the EU, and made available to all Roma children in Europe.

They belonged to a global institution, the International Monetary Fund, and to a pair of regional ones, the European Commission and the European Central Bank.

After the war, you found the United Nations, you found the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, you found the IMF, you encouraged Europe to create the European Community all systems for mutual government support.

2000 Training on the Rights of Refugees, organized by the UNHCR

Refugee protection and assistance

A Duty to Help the Refugees

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Refugee protection and assistance