So lower levels of social expenditure could involve only a relatively small increase in inequality and social conflict.

Moreover, if Europeans target social expenditure better, they might achieve a greater reduction in inequality with a lower level of social transfers.

What most European countries get for their social expenditure is a lot of state provision of services, and not much reduction in social inequality.

In the meantime, Greek society will suffer from budgetary austerity, cuts in social expenditure, and an overall economic downturn.

Public investment in the social fields continued to increase by year, accounting for more than 25 of the State budge expenditure.

Actual expenditure exceeded budgeted expenditure by 0.5 per cent.

Recognizes that the structural adjustment reform programmes limit public expenditure, imposing fixed expenditure ceilings and give inadequate attention to the provision of social services, and that only a few countries manage to achieve sustainable higher growth under these programmes

Expenditure analysis

Expenditure ratios

Programme expenditure

Excluding expenditure on maternal conditions, total health expenditure per female was AUS 2,773 (21 per cent more than male per capita expenditure).

According to a study by the Ministry of Planning in 1997, however, entitled Consideration of the possibility of mobilizing additional resources for essential social services , an analysis of the distribution of public expenditure showed that the proportion allocated to social expenditure was of the order of 30 per cent and to essential health services around 15 per cent.

Actual expenditure in field offices represents only a part of the total expenditure.

E. Expenditure estimates

Implementing partners' expenditure

Implementing partners' expenditure

UNICEF WASH expenditure in 2004 was 160 million, the highest ever annual expenditure in this area, representing 12 per cent of total UNICEF programme expenditure.

Table 8 Expenditure ratios

Direct programme assistance expenditure

Income and expenditure projections

Overall programme expenditure, 2004

Table 6 shows programme expenditure as broken down by UNHCR into programme support and administrative expenditure.

In order to assess the share of administrative expenditure, the table includes the expenditure funded from the United Nations regular budget (line D), which relates to headquarters administrative expenditure.

This includes expenditure on the BC Earned Income Benefit, child care, children's dental and optical benefits (Healthy Kids), social housing and early childhood and children at risk services.

On a positive note, Governments have increased the levels of public social expenditure, which has contributed somewhat to alleviating the special needs of poor people and vulnerable groups.

The expenditure was non negotiable.

Income, expenditure and resource mobilization

Total expenditure 1,344 million a

As a result, according to current projected actuals of revenue and expenditure, expenditure will exceed revenue by 13.99 million (including 3.5 million in installation expenditure payments for the Atlas rollout).

UNOPS has also developed a financial model to monitor year to date actual expenditure versus budgeted expenditure by initiative.

ITU 2001 expenditure amounted to US 33.6 million average expenditure per staff member in 2001 2002 was US 2,256.

Total expenditure 1,344 million a b

Changes by major object of expenditure

(Per cent of total yearly expenditure)

Table 3 Income Expenditure Forecast 2005

Secondly, we froze our defence expenditure.

The total expenditure was 0.5 million.

Contributions and programme expenditure, 2004 2003

Table12. Income and expenditure, 2004 2003

Capitalization of research and development expenditure

UNDP had provided a global preliminary year to date expenditure file on 27 January 2005 covering expenditure of approximately 16,800,000.

Expenditure on health services, including regulation and protection, accounts for approximately 15 per cent of the recurrent expenditure estimates.1

The World Summit for Social Development, held in Copenhagen in March 1995, recommended that States should implement the 20 20 initiative, namely to earmark 20 per cent of budget expenditure and 20 per cent of external aid to financing essential social services.

UNDP had provided a global preliminary year to date expenditure file' on 27 January 2007 containing expenditure of approximately USD 16,800,000.

The public sector wage bill continues to be the largest expenditure item, consuming around 68 per cent of total 2004 expenditure.