In small, open economies, higher deficits are unlikely to sustain domestic output, because most additional expenditure goes toward imports.

These two investments represented a total expenditure of around 10 billion, with additional money spent on infrastructure and logistics.

Nonetheless, the economies made should be used, wherever possible, to compensate for additional expenditure arising from inflation and exchange rate fluctuations.

But the additional work done does not necessarily involve only government employees, and citizens can have some voice in how the expenditure is directed.

In the first quarter of 2005, additional support cost income of 3.8 million and expenditure of 1.9 million further increased the operational budget reserve

An indicative breakdown of the estimated additional costs by main categories of expenditure is provided, for information purposes, in the annex to the present addendum.

Obama, too, is sticking to his guns with his recent proposal for an additional 450 billion of government expenditure and tax cuts to help boost employment.

Moreover, it is vital to strengthen China s fiscal positionby mobilizing additional revenues and ensuring that local governments have adequate financing to meet their rising expenditure responsibilities.

Actual expenditure exceeded budgeted expenditure by 0.5 per cent.

For the period 1 January to 31 August 2005, additional income received in the Trust Fund amounted to 696,185, while expenditure for the same period amounted to 759,492.

Expenditure analysis

Expenditure ratios

Programme expenditure

The expenditure was devoted primarily to the completion of road development programmes commenced in 2003 and the implementation of additional essential road construction delayed for a number of years.

Excluding expenditure on maternal conditions, total health expenditure per female was AUS 2,773 (21 per cent more than male per capita expenditure).

Actual expenditure in field offices represents only a part of the total expenditure.

E. Expenditure estimates

Implementing partners' expenditure

Implementing partners' expenditure

UNICEF WASH expenditure in 2004 was 160 million, the highest ever annual expenditure in this area, representing 12 per cent of total UNICEF programme expenditure.

Expenditure amounts to 19.5 million for the period from 1 July 2004 to 31 March 2005, and additional expenditures of 7.1 million are estimated for the period from April to June 2005.

Table 8 Expenditure ratios

Direct programme assistance expenditure

Income and expenditure projections

Overall programme expenditure, 2004

Table 6 shows programme expenditure as broken down by UNHCR into programme support and administrative expenditure.

In order to assess the share of administrative expenditure, the table includes the expenditure funded from the United Nations regular budget (line D), which relates to headquarters administrative expenditure.

The expenditure was non negotiable.

Income, expenditure and resource mobilization

Total expenditure 1,344 million a

As a result, according to current projected actuals of revenue and expenditure, expenditure will exceed revenue by 13.99 million (including 3.5 million in installation expenditure payments for the Atlas rollout).

The savings were offset in part by additional expenditure pertaining to the acquisition of equipment, procurement action in respect of which was not completed in the previous period owing to long procurement lead times.

According to a study by the Ministry of Planning in 1997, however, entitled Consideration of the possibility of mobilizing additional resources for essential social services , an analysis of the distribution of public expenditure showed that the proportion allocated to social expenditure was of the order of 30 per cent and to essential health services around 15 per cent.

In addition, decrees promulgated by host authorities for increases in the cost of services such as medical care, port charges or the cost of supplies such as fuel and utilities, result in additional unforeseen expenditure.

UNOPS has also developed a financial model to monitor year to date actual expenditure versus budgeted expenditure by initiative.

ITU 2001 expenditure amounted to US 33.6 million average expenditure per staff member in 2001 2002 was US 2,256.

Total expenditure 1,344 million a b

Changes by major object of expenditure

(Per cent of total yearly expenditure)

Table 3 Income Expenditure Forecast 2005

Secondly, we froze our defence expenditure.

The total expenditure was 0.5 million.

Contributions and programme expenditure, 2004 2003

Table12. Income and expenditure, 2004 2003

Capitalization of research and development expenditure