In fact, they may even reproduce unequal gender structures by preserving existing gender roles.

Household structures and gender relations

Moreover, these unequal gender relationships can be found in all spheres of society.

C. Human sexuality and gender relations

Crises and profound disagreements are not new in the relations between these two unequal allies.

Social norms that give rise to unequal power relations between men and women reduce women's choices, opportunities and control over sexual relations.

The concept of structural gender discrimination refers to forms of discrimination that ensue from the fact that the structure or organisation of society is built on gender stereotypes and hence sustains the existing unequal relations of power between the sexes.

In Kenya, the land laws appear to be gender neutral, but they are unequal in effect.

Recognizing also that violence against women is rooted in historically unequal power relations between men and women,

While some projects addressed gender issues, others paid little or no attention to gender relations and gender equality

These processes have influenced gender relations in these areas.

In the household always, but especially where sharing is unequal, gender usually has significant consequences for well being.

5 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Gender Equality Striving for Justice in an Unequal World (Geneva, 2005).

Career opportunities, which are not gender restricted, in the private sector are regulated following the principle of prohibiting unequal treatment.

Gender based violence was an expression of unequal power relations between men and women. Eradicating it required modifying specific social and cultural patterns and eliminating harmful traditional practices, such as female genital mutilation (FGM), child marriage and honour crimes.

Violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and women on both individual and societal levels.

The Expert Group Meeting noted, however, that approaches to ensuring women's participation has often concentrated on increasing women's representation and had overlooked structural constraints, such as unequal gender relations, that limited women's potential to influence decisions and bring about change.

America the Unequal

6 Gender Equality Striving for Justice in an Unequal World, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (United Nations publication, Sales No.

Recognizing that domestic violence against women is, inter alia, a societal problem and a manifestation of unequal power relations between women and men,

4 United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Gender Equality Striving for Justice in an Unequal World (United Nations publication, Sales No.

Developing countries enter the market as unequal partners and end up with unequal rewards.

Programmes aimed at the prevention and treatment of HIV AIDS cannot succeed without challenging the structures of unequal power relations between women and men.

It is still commonly assumed that high politics and international relations are gender neutral.

The report will illustrate structural linkages that exist between gender relations and sustainable development.

Submissive behaviour of women can be related to the unequal power relationship between men and women, and eradicating violence requires addressing underlying gender inequality.

Kurds have a much more egalitarian view of gender relations than either Sunnis or Shi ites.

To foster mutually respectful gender relations as an important requisite of sexual and reproductive health.

Acts and threats of violence play a dominant role in perpetuating these unequal power relations, which also underlie the violations of women's rights to adequate housing.

59. Gender discrimination, through unequal access of women and girls to health care and education and training opportunities, often leads to the intergenerational transmission of poverty.

Combating violence against women requires changing the way gender roles and power relations articulated in society.

It will exacerbate highly unequal competition.

Second, the draft resolution is unequal.

But on the more unequal end

Forced sexual relations are a component of many kinds of gender based violence described in this report.

Human rights violations and inequitable gender relations continue to fuel the spread of the HIV AIDS epidemic.

Women's unequal access to many key resources impeded their contribution to economic development. Gender equality was critical to poverty reduction and the conservation and sustainable use of resources.

At its twenty third special session,b the General Assembly emphasized that the changing context of gender relations, as well as the discussion on gender equality, has led to an increased reassessment of gender roles.

The development of these indicators should be based on a thorough understanding of gender relations in a society and the ways in which such relations influence environmental concerns.

Instead, the evaluation assessed the attention accorded to gender relations in country level policies, programmes, and institutional measures.

General education, health, status of women and gender relations issues are also of primary importance in this regard.

This gender approach has been presented in the paper entitled quot Interrelationship between gender relations and the HIV AIDS pandemic some possible considerations for policies and programmes quot .

Women not only bear the combined burdens of occupation and patriarchy but due to the former their capacity to transform the unequal gender structures of the latter is curtailed.

The inequality and injustice of gender relations is a concern for human rights, and thus for sustainable development the gender approach places the continuing subordination of women in context.

Comparative research on the effects of development strategies on women and on gender relations will be undertaken and the possibility of gender aware alternative development strategies will be investigated.