The retail sector is characterized by economies of scale and scope as well as vertical integration and the existence of large retail chains.

Five large foreign retail chains are operating in the Vietnamese market at present, while many others are waiting for approval.

The presence of large chains in the retail market is usually conducive to the improvement of local worker skills, especially in logistics.

Reich replied in more detail Strengthen labor unions in industries sheltered from global competition workers in retail chains, hotel chains, restaurant chains childcare and elder care hospital workers and so on.

The establishment of large supermarket chains has even spurred the development of numerous SMEs and micro retail establishments, which were locating in close proximity to these large stores and were benefiting from the more predictable and significant flow of consumers.

The move was met with howls of protest from those who argue that the entry of large hypermarket chains like Carrefour and Walmart will devastate the small shops that currently dominate India s retail sector.

Those who support the decision argue that India s supply chains are simply too wasteful, and that only the finance and knowhow of big, international retail chains can upgrade them.

Moreover, large chains tend to integrate backwards, offering new business opportunities to local manufacturers.

In the area of retail, the increasing popularity of modern format large shops, for example retail outlets outside city centres, has given rise to concerns about small shops vanishing.

Fashion has been transformed by the recent emergence of retail chains that hire good designers to make throwaway clothing and accessories that are right on trend.

Moreover, large companies should use their global supply chains to empower their workforces and women smallholder farmers.

Another tool to mitigate the disappearance of SMEs (including by diminishing the spread of large retail outlets) is zoning regulations.

The presence of large chains helps to overcome bottlenecks in distribution networks existing in developing countries, and through those chains' international procurement practices may bring products from those countries for distribution in international markets.

Introducing rules after market entry has been granted to large chains, for example zoning regulations, will be ineffective or will protect incumbents.

Retail fuel dealers

Retail trade 353

Small retail businesses.

With 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world.

How large is the induced growth in GDP from higher imports? The retail price is often more than twice the wholesale price paid by the importer.

Wholesale and retail petrol

The debate around opening the retail sector to foreign investment is currently being framed, on the one hand, by the need to modernize supply chains and, on the other hand, by the desire to protect small shopkeepers livelihoods.

Thus, first wave enterprises from the developing world encountered the obstacle of large, well resourced incumbents and the industrial value chains that sustained them.

Applying this process to large banks and to financial institutions that are not formally banks and that do not have insured retail deposits sounds fine on paper.

Small shops play an important role as employers of those who migrate from rural to urban areas, including foreigners, performing a crucial social role that large chains would be unable to perform, since chains require that employees have a certain level of skill.

Given their size and relative isolation, they are unable to achieve economies of scale or enter national and global value chains driven by large transnational corporations.

Stars in chains

Obama in Chains

There is evidence that commitment to those principles is spreading from large firms to the firms in their supply chains and catalysing a variety of development projects.

Asia s Chains that Bind

The US will continue to provide a large open market, even as China s role in serving it will shift upward in value added and in global supply chains.

In a population in which a large number of individuals are immune, chains of infection are likely to be disrupted, which stops or slows the spread of disease.

The majority of the world's people today are in chains the chains of poverty and underdevelopment.

Investment banks had sold shares and bonds (especially for foreign corporations and governments) to their retail customers, offloaded their own risk, and created a large revenue stream of fees for themselves.

In the past, the US brought a large open market, foreign direct investment, and technology, while China supplied low cost labor intensive components in key global manufacturing supply chains.

And others fettered in chains .

And others fettered in chains .

I believe matter begets life life becomes single cells single cells become strings strings become chains chains network.

Inefficiency in agriculture, retail, and government are legendary.

Holmes, whose family had a history in retail.

(d) Importation wholesale and retail businesses (foreign country).

However, with a growth rate significantly higher than for total retail trade, the share of e commerce in total retail trade is also growing.

Growing environmental awareness and food safety concerns among consumers and large purchasers (such as supermarket chains and government procurement) have fueled rapid growth of organic agriculture (OA) markets in recent years.

And other demons bound in chains .

And others linked together in chains ,

And other demons bound in chains .