Penal Reform International provides region wide technical assistance on juvenile justice in the Middle East and North Africa.

Current projects cover a variety of areas, including juvenile justice reform, penal reform and victim support, as described below.

(a) To expedite its work on reform of the system of juvenile justice in order for children to be tried under a specific juvenile justice system and not the ordinary justice system

The Committee welcomes the establishment of a specific juvenile justice system under the Law on Juvenile Justice of 19 April 1996.

It has been difficult for some countries in the Caribbean to employ restorative processes for juvenile offending in part because an established juvenile justice system is lacking.

(b) Sentencing and the Nigerian penal system (topic for LLM dissertation)

Several other policy measures to liberalize the penal system have been taken.

The Committee is deeply concerned about the lack of a juvenile justice system in the country.

UNICEF also initiated a programme to promote and monitor the rights of children and women, and supported the development of a draft juvenile justice law and a draft penal code.

(c) Ensure that all offenders under the age of 18 are tried under the juvenile justice system

(i) Introduce training programmes on relevant international standards for all professionals involved in the system of juvenile justice

(e) Seek technical assistance in developing and enforcing the juvenile justice system from, inter alia, UNICEF and OHCHR.

(c) Undertake training programmes on relevant international standards for all professionals involved in the system of juvenile justice

Juvenile delinquency

(d) Improve training programmes on relevant international standards for all professionals involved with the system of juvenile justice and

C. Juvenile justice

Administration of juvenile justice

Three new projects in justice and the rule of law support the master plan of the Afghan Judicial Reform Commission in the reform of the criminal justice system, the penitentiary system and the juvenile justice system.

President and Lecturer at the first International Seminar on Organized Crime and Corruption in Public Administration the Penal System.

Juvenile justice reform in Lebanon

Efficient administration of juvenile justice was hampered by the absence of a coordinating body and the lack of an effective system for gathering information.

Penal Provisions.

Penal Code

(b) To support appropriate investigations throughout Somalia in order to combat impunity, to bring perpetrators to justice, and to establish an effective, efficient and non gender biased justice system, including the juvenile justice system

(g) Ensure that children remain in regular contact with their families while in the juvenile justice system, notably by informing parents when their child is detained

The Committee is concerned that the State party has not yet established specific procedures and courts to deal separately with juvenile offenders under the justice system.

The trial of a juvenile offender shall be conducted by a juvenile court, which shall be established in all provincial capitals.

Furthermore, at the national level, a juvenile justice inter agency working group has been created to promote action on juvenile justice areas.

BiH Penal Code

FBiH Penal Code

RS Penal Code

Federal Penal Code

Penal transfer treaties

Penal Reform International

Among the foremost objectives of reforming the legal and judicial system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is consistent, gradual liberalization of criminal law, the law of criminal procedure and the penal system.

Juvenile offenders The death penalty for juvenile offenders (criminals aged under 18 years at the time of their crime) has become increasingly rare.

The Committee notes the establishment of juvenile courts.

(a) Set up independent and effective juvenile courts

Victor L. Streib, The Juvenile Death Penalty Today Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, 1 January 1973 to 30 September 2004 (www. deathpenaltyinfo.org).

The Omani Penal Code

Article 7 Penal provisions

15. Encourages the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children to address in his final report the prevalence of violence in the juvenile justice system

(e) Ensure that children deprived of their liberty remain in regular contact with their families while in the juvenile justice system, notably by informing parents when their child is detained

However, in December 2001 the President of Pakistan announced the commutation of the death sentences imposed on all 125 young offenders before the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance came into force.

Penal Code Act (Cap 135)