First, spending on high return public investments should be increased.

Likewise, during expansions, higher government spending is more likely to crowd out private spending.

Russian military expenditures have increased by double digit figures in recent years.

Japanese consumers knew that increases in public spending were temporary, so they did not change their spending habits, rendering the policy ineffectual.

There is little waste to cut from domestic spending, and many areas where increases in public spending are needed.

This will be even more important in the future as China carries out its plan to increase domestic spending, especially spending by Chinese households.

Many governments increase spending excessively in booms, and then are forced to cut back in downturns, thereby exacerbating the cyclical swings.

But the resulting economic slack gives us the historic opportunity and need to compensate for low consumer spending with increased investment spending on sustainable technologies.

The result was increased US spending and the descent of measured household savings into negative territory.

To this we can add the increase in military expenditure and the erosion of multilateralism in the conduct of international affairs.

The problem is not that governments lack resources to spend, but that higher government spending, taxes, and debt are eroding economic growth and future living standards.

Last month, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin also announced yet another increase in Russian defense spending.

But Russia s budget for 2010 is still headed for a serious deficit, owing to high spending.

That requires a substantial increase in research and development into next generation green energy alternatives.

(e) Raise priority poverty reducing expenditures to 2.2 per cent of GDP

Moreover, the additional unemployment would lead to more social welfare spending, thus increasing the need to cut elsewhere or increase taxes.

Unfortunately, past spending pushed up wages, without a commensurate increase in productivity, leaving the heavy spenders indebted and uncompetitive.

The rise in consumer spending was not, however, due to higher employment or faster income growth.

Cutting expenditures on the Iraq war and increasing expenditures on education can simultaneously increase output in the short and long run and reduce the deficit.

Making room for increased consumer spending requires reducing the level of exports by allowing the currency to appreciate.

A targeted support program could increase substantially the efficiency of spending, freeing up resources for education, health, and poverty eradication.

But Europeans are showing little taste for increased defense spending, Iraq or no Iraq.

Growth itself increases tax revenues and reduces the need for social expenditures, such as unemployment benefits.

At the same time, it was difficult to analyse or control the increasing spending on consultants and temporary assistance.

Earmarking of taxes caused current expenditures (especially on social security benefits) to increase along with revenues, reducing the scope for a higher public sector contribution to domestic savings.

The current budget (2004 2005) increases in dollar terms again resulting in even larger procurement spending with a steady state in number of purchase orders to be raised.

From 2010 onwards, governments started to raise taxes and cut spending in response to growing fears of sovereign default.

The rapid ageing of the population in the region, in particular the ageing of the older population, would increase expenditure on public health.

Finally, a loss on foreign exchange transactions owing to currency fluctuations resulted in higher expenditure in the relevant line item.

Growing anxiety among China s neighbors, particularly India, has led to remarkable increases in defense spending by other Asian powers as well.

So lower levels of social expenditure could involve only a relatively small increase in inequality and social conflict.

The Government has resolved to increase public spending in education to at least six per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP).

To address those issues we have promoted a rapid increase in spending for social services to put a stop to growing poverty.

Thus, greater reliance on fiscal policy increased government spending would be necessary.

Interest rate cuts can boost borrowing and thus spending on investment and consumption.

In fact, increased spending, which the Keynesians saw simply as boosting aggregate demand, produced distortions.

Since 1979 expenditure on healthcare has been increased significantly to bring it closer to the European Union average.

The state faces another large budget deficit, yet Governor Jerry Brown s budget this year includes a substantial spending increase.

Japan s new government, led by Prime Minister Naoto Kan, started discussing a consumption tax hike to offset the growth in spending.

In each country, there has been a sizeable increase in public spending in the last few years, particularly in the US and the UK

Increased public sector wage costs mean increased government spending on wages. If this is financed by cutbacks elsewhere in the budget, the main consequence will be only a re distribution of government spending, which is not necessarily inflationary.

Stimulus packages are controversial, because they increase budget deficits, and thus imply the need to cut spending or raise taxes sometime in the near future.

Government spending on health has been increased, and it will be raised to two to three per cent of GDP over the next year.

In 2007, domestic spending on AIDS is projected to be at least 20 per cent higher than in 2004, mainly due to the increase in public expenditure for treatment and care, which could decrease out of pocket expenditures.

What recourse do creditor countries have if the debtor countries become the majority and decide to increase spending?