A management plan for all Antarctic Specially Protected Areas and new Antarctic Specially Managed Areas is required by Annex V.

Two of the Antarctic Specially Protected Areas for which a revised management plan was adopted in 2003 covered solely marine areas, which was a significant development in the Antarctic protected area system.

(q) Assess the conditions and management effectiveness of existing protected forest areas with a view to identifying improvements needed

There has been a recent reversal in the long standing tendency to place all protected areas under highly centralized management.

Marine Protected Areas Are Cost Effective

National parks and other protected areas are not adequately protected by law enforcement agencies.

Accordingly, 33 revised or new management plans for existing or newly established protected areas have been adopted since the Twenty fourth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.

There are limitations of decentralization with respect to formal protected areas. However, conflict can be reduced if the role of protected areas in the landscape becomes the focus of national conservation strategies rather than simply increasing the number of protected areas.

Protected areas are increasingly valuable tourism products what forms of additional protection within and outside protected areas would be needed to prevent tourism from generating additional impacts?

The extent of protected areas will triple within five years.

Other Parties emphasized protection of coral reef and coastal zone ecosystems by the creation of protected areas, comprehensive waste management, and utilizing traditional technologies to promote shoreline stabilization.

This area is divided into a total of 157 protected areas.

Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface areas

Furthermore, the level to which tourism contributes to the conservation of protected areas also depends on the ability of protected areas managers' to set up fruitful relationships with the private sector.

Government policies could then focus on training protected areas managers in such areas a how to develop tourism facilities that marry quality and environmental considerations, interpretation programmes, congestion management strategies and tools, setting up effective entrance fee systems etc.

The armed groups also deforest large areas to cultivate illegal crops and open unauthorized highways in protected areas.

Many instruments are available to provide special protection, including marine protected areas.

But many of you have said, if you get these marine protected areas, or a reasonable regime for high seas fisheries management in place, how are you going to enforce it?

Population trends are stable in well protected areas, and are rebuilding in a few areas which had been neglected.

It is one of the largest marine protected areas (MPAs) in the world.

A new archiving website containing information on Antarctic Protected Areas has been established.

The trivial solution is to create really large protected areas like the Chagos Archipelago.

Last month, Canada designated three new marine protected areas, bringing the total to five.

Rather than imposing blanket closures of vast areas, we work with the fisheries sector to determine which areas should be protected.

(p) Create, develop or expand, and maintain networks of protected forest areas, taking into account the importance of conserving representative forests, by means of a range of conservation mechanisms, applied within and outside protected forest areas

The island has several protected areas, including Cabrits National Park, as well as 365 rivers.

UNEP WCMC has also produced specialized guidelines on biodiversity assessment and monitoring for protected areas.

Kuwait proposes to establish nine nature preserves representing approximately 3,000 square kilometres of protected areas.

Habitat corridors are needed for linking these protected areas so that small populations are not isolated.

We have been working with other organizations in the establishment of marine protected areas in Fiji.

With the entry into force of Annex V in May 2002, all previously designated Specially Protected Areas (25) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (34) became Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPA) and were renamed and renumbered accordingly by Decision 1 (2002).

The concept of marine protected areas is also gaining greater understanding and support, with several territories in the region having been designated such areas.

The strict and special reserves, as well as the national and nature parks, are managed and protected by the central government, while other protected areas are managed by counties.

During the discussions, there were diverging views as to the use and effectiveness of marine protected areas.

Yet others referred to the difficulties regarding the enforcement of such protected areas in the high seas.

These guidelines should be followed in assessing and proposing mitigation measures for any tourism development in areas of high biodiversity, within or outside protected areas.

That approach ensures that we give proper protection to the areas that need to be protected, while not disrupting responsible fishing practices in other areas.

Large Oceans Management Areas provide the integrating framework, and that will include fisheries management renewal.

Centralised approaches to protected areas should target sites of national importance and any local opportunity costs of such areas should be compensated in an adequate way.

Governments could also influence how tourism contributes to the conservation mission of all type of protected areas by

Numerous countries use Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to protect critical breeding grounds and migration routes for marine life.

Management audits could also be useful in identifying trouble areas.

Canada has announced a strategy for a federal network of marine protected areas in all three of our oceans.

Only 17,000 km2 (6,600 sq mi) or 3 of the island's land area is protected and due to dire economic conditions and political instability, most of the protected areas are ineffectively managed and defended.

The tourism business, however, expects a certain level of quality and reliability in the services available in the protected areas.