The general assumption that formal sector employment is preferred over informal sector activity also applies to Indonesian workers.

Formal Sector

Overall employment in Bosnia and Herzegovina is about 999,500 persons, of which 638,000 (63.8 per cent) are employed in the formal sector.

10.22 This is the country's main provider of post secondary, formal, pre employment training for jobs in the modern sector of the economy.

This means better competitiveness for the grey economy in relation to the formal sector, owing to the larger employment of the young, who are a more productive labour group.

Data on employment was also lacking, but there was in fact no discrimination in the formal and public sector, where appointments were made on an open and equal footing.

International human rights standards should be applied in practice in the formal and non formal justice sector.

Public sector employment in Kenya is notoriously opaque.

(b) Indicators on informal sector and informal employment

The informal sector plays a significant role in African economies since it offers the means for many people to cope with the severe lack of employment opportunities in the public and formal private sectors.

The first category are those who work in the formal employment sector of which the Government is the primary employer, the second category represents a larger and more fluid informal sector based on agriculture and garden cottage industry and the third category is subsistence workers.

Given the overall increase of 72 per cent in the total number of employees, this shows that there has been a significant increase in female employment in the formal sector between 1983 and 2000 and that it has grown at a greater rate than total employment growth.

Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15 .

The financial sector dominates non academic employment of professional economists.

The role of the informal sector in generating employment opportunities

In the year 2000, public sector employment was 76 and private sector, mainly composed by personal property, employment was 23 compared to the 1981 ratio of 91 to 8 .

Indeed, in some parts of southern China, the informal financial sector is growing to match the size of the formal financial sector.

The informal sector (i.e., small entrepreneurs, often self employed and operate outside of the formal sector) is large, particularly in developing countries.

Integration of the informal sector into the formal economy could increase contribution of the informal sector to economic growth and poverty eradication.

Indicator 11 Women's share in paid employment in non agrarian sector

Reforms to increase and improve women's employment in public sector organizations.

By 2006, public sector employment was 78 and private sector 22 , compared to 91.8 to 8.2 in 1981.

Education is the only formal sector industry where women and men are represented about equally.

If the financial sector declines, what will replace it in employment terms?

Asia s service sector is already large, contributing significantly to growth and employment.

Moreover, the finance, technology and linkages that larger companies bring with them can initiate the growth of local subsidiaries, ancillary companies and small scale enterprises in poorer localities, thereby generating higher levels of formal sector type employment and incomes.

Had the Ministry set up any programmes to increase the self reliance of minority groups of women, in particular Roma women, and what steps had been taken to facilitate their transition from the informal to the formal employment sector?

The informal retailing sector will have a role to play once markets are opened and formal retailing expands. FDI facilitates the switch from informal to formal retailing.

Consequently, the majority of land and property disputes are mediated by the non formal justice sector.

Private sector employment is still down 4.1 million from its January 2008 peak.

Many service sector jobs are low paying, precarious, and not covered by formal mechanisms of social protection.

According to available assessments, labour in the formal sector is much older than it was in 1990.

The average age of those employed in the formal sector has considerably increased, from age 36.6 in 1991 to 40 in 2000 (World Bank data, November 2002), which means that only limited numbers of the young workforce have got jobs in the formal sector, so a majority is employed in the informal sector.

Employment in the manufacturing sector has tended to increase (as a share of total employment), even in India, with its services driven growth.

Private sector participants and some Member States stressed the importance of the private sector in generating income and employment to eradicate poverty.

In the advanced economies of the West, many people in all age groups are effectively left out of formal employment.

On the other hand, the status of unpaid workers was quickly abandoned once an opportunity for formal employment presented itself.

Particularly in the US, employment generation has been disproportionately in the non tradable sector.

Lost incomes will also drive down tax revenues, resulting in public sector employment cutbacks.

Distribution services are the single most important services sector in terms of employment generation.

And establishing a formal mechanism for transatlantic regulatory consultation will eventually pay off, one sector at a time.

The private sector has not experienced sufficient growth, and in the public sector, the State has been forced to reduce the number of State institutions, thereby reducing public sector employment, with the result that workers have had to seek employment in the informal sector. Consequently, 70 out of every 100 economically active women work in the informal sector in conditions of underemployment.

The tradable sector accounts for just 30 of the US economy (by value added), and employment growth in the tradable sector is negligible.

Among the key priorities of this policy are the participation of youth in decision making, non formal education and youth employment.

Ms. Yesildaglar (Turkey) said that by law, all those in registered formal employment must be covered under the social security system.