Ministry of Tofu translated an infographic comparing the status of state owned enterprises with the private owned enterprises in China.

Powerful political families run many Chinese state owned enterprises.

There is little to resuscitate among the state owned enterprises.

Finally, the state competes with the private sector via state owned enterprises and utilities.

Iraq s state owned enterprises were the cornerstone of Saddam Hussein s economic policy.

Local governments and state owned enterprises do not necessarily have those concerns.

Many of these heavily indebted enterprises are state owned, and have borrowed from state controlled banks.

State owned enterprises, or their subsidiaries, dominate key markets, as in interwar Italy.

State owned enterprises have acted as incubators for technical skills and managerial talent.

In 2003, female workers made up a large proportion of the workforce, i.e. 42 in State owned enterprises, 39 in the private sector and 65 in foreign owned enterprises.

Indeed, many employees of state owned enterprises show little interest in returning to work.

Later that decade, financial institutions were burdened by bad debts generated by state owned enterprises.

But, despite being state owned and subject to policy decisions, they function as commercial enterprises (with the possible exception of Norway s hydrocarbon funded state owned investment vehicles).

Despite privatization, there are roughly 119,000 state owned enterprises today, with a book value of about 4 trillion. State owned land is valued at more than 7 trillion.

These former State owned enterprises are known GLCs because the State still retains significant influence over their management control primarily through four State owned holding companies Temasek Holdings, Singapore Technologies, MinCom Holdings and MND Holdings.

Despite privatization, there are roughly 119,000 state owned enterprises today, with a book value of about 4 trillion.

Moreover, state owned enterprises will be required to pay out a larger portion of their earnings as dividends.

Although private enterprises are the fastest growing part of the Chinese economy, enterprises that are partially or fully owned by the state continue to be major employers.

Moreover, outside of the oil and electric power sectors, state owned enterprises in Iraq have never been major employers.

Because most of China s outward FDI is from state owned enterprises (SOEs), suspicions of non commercial motivations are widespread.

The Committee welcomes the increase, in 2004, of basic retirement benefits for retirees of State owned enterprises throughout the country.

The government continues to own more than 50 of remaining state owned enterprises, but does not need or use the income.

The employees of the state owned enterprises still receive paychecks, even though about a third of their workplaces have been destroyed.

Sovereign wealth funds, too, are increasingly involved in financing development. But, despite being state owned and subject to policy decisions, they function as commercial enterprises (with the possible exception of Norway s hydrocarbon funded state owned investment vehicles).

It is inevitably a long road from a starting point where credits are channeled to state owned enterprises through state owned banks to an economic environment in which interest rates are a proper indicator of monetary policy.

Finally, after major reforms of state owned enterprises (SOEs) and the tax system, China acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2001.

A significant proportion of its OFDI value is in resource extraction activities (oil, natural gas and minerals) dominated by state owned enterprises.

Even more significant, shifting income from state owned enterprises to middle class workers and increasing consumer spending will reduce China s enormous saving rate.

Moreover, the power of vested interests that oppose reform state owned enterprises, provincial governments, and the military, for example has yet to be broken.

China s state owned enterprises are powerful forces in the economy, with substantial political influence they will resist the shift from heavy industry to services.

The legislation also imposed a deadline to abolish policy based bankruptcy the practice adopted by the State Council to liquidate loss making state owned enterprises (SOEs) and resettle laid off employees.

All publicly owned enterprises are subject to external audit and accounts are published.

Chinese corporate contracts have grown exponentially over the last 30 years, but they have special characteristics that reflect the primary role of Chinese state owned enterprises.

But, propped up by military contracts, those state companies were never well run or efficient greatly overstaffed, they produced little, similar to the failed state owned enterprises of the old Soviet Union.

China s future prosperity requires restricting government officials administrative discretion, reducing state owned enterprises power and subsidies, and strengthening the rule of law by developing an independent judiciary.

Exposure to domestic sovereign obligations by state owned enterprises and local governments accounts for about 32 trillion, and obligations by private firms amount to roughly 24 trillion.

For example, Chinese state owned enterprises that gained access to huge amounts of easy money and credit are buying equities and stockpiling commodities well beyond their productive needs.

A very important agency of Singapore's OFDI is the significant role of government linked companies (GLCs) that were previously established as State owned enterprises for specific developmental purposes.

Since the late 1980s, many former large State owned enterprises, through privatization, have been listed on the Stock Exchange of Singapore (e.g. Singapore Airlines, Keppel Corporation, Sembawang Holdings).

This has helped to catalyze the growth of sustainable microfinancing to local women owned enterprises.

And the role of China s state owned enterprises and official Chinese support for technological national champions (privileged companies that almost certainly use government money carelessly) has also hurt relations.

Many of these heavily indebted enterprises are state owned, and have borrowed from state controlled banks. The implicit guarantees on this debt, too, suggest that the government s liabilities are much higher than its balance sheet indicates.

For example, the primary objective of privatization would not be to reduce the size of the state sector, but to eliminate state owned enterprises unfair and hidden privileges, such as subsidized credit and monopolistic market positions.

Due to privatization of state owned enterprises and improved financial regulation, including bank supervision and risk control, since 2000 both central and local budgets have basically been in good order.

As a result, China s credit GDP ratio rose by 40 percentage points in 2008 2011, with most of the lending directed toward large scale investment by state owned enterprises (SOEs).