Räsänen and his team started by measuring the potential demand for electric cars in Finland.

According to this view, the principal problem faced by central banks will not be restraining demand as it shoots above potential, but boosting demand as it lags behind potential.

Carbon prices expand the potential for both public and private financing by raising public revenue and creating private sector demand for emission reductions.

It has three primary objectives to identify potential demand among TNCs, to upgrade potential domestic business partners, and to match and monitor operations.

High levels of involuntary unemployment throughout the advanced economies suggest that demand lags behind potential supply.

In this sense, China has a rare opportunity to expand its growth potential by stimulating domestic demand.

These estimates, together with poor countries additional needs when natural catastrophes strike, imply that the potential legal demand for medicinal opiates is even higher.

Proliferation of the sources of opiate raw materials had the potential to disturb the delicate balance between supply of and demand for opiate raw materials.

In the longer run, that gap needs to be filled by higher foreign demand and increased export potential.

That is why it is crucial to think about potential demand in tackling this kind of matching problem.

A well designed tax on oil would also reduce demand, thereby lowering the potential for windfall profits for those who rule or own the ground over the oil deposits.

That implies a potential boon to Russia s main gas producers, especially as Europe s energy diversification campaign weakens export demand.

The gap between actual and potential GDP is thus a gauge of an economy s spare capacity. The distinction is also useful for policy purposes weak potential growth cannot be addressed by demand side initiatives supply side measures are needed.

If the IMF had to live up to private sector standards, it would create a new instrument that would meet members potential demand for short term liquidity.

The Shanghai free trade zone s final objective is to help China exploit fully the demand potential of its domestic market.

China has the potential to maintain robust growth by relying on domestic demand and not only household consumption. The country suffers no lack of investment opportunities, with significant scope for industrial upgrading and plenty of potential for improvement in urban infrastructure, public housing, and environmental management.

When weak aggregate demand causes the economy to operate far below its potential, cuts in government spending enlarge the jobs deficit.

For actual GDP, such frequent and large forecast revisions are inevitable. Potential GDP, however, is supposed to be more stable, as it does not depend on demand side developments.

Absent such confidence, Iraq s oil output will not approach its potential, which will only widen the gap between global supply and demand.

The hard part of fully realizing potential growth is shifting the composition of domestic demand from consumption to investment without adding leverage.

With nearly unlimited access to advanced country markets, China can tap into global external demand and raise its GDP growth potential, as it has done for the past two decades.

Demand for departure

For oil importing sub Saharan African countries, the additional costs would have to be accommodated by reductions in reserves, non oil imports and domestic demand, with a potential serious impact on poverty.

The fall in aggregate demand while potential aggregate supply has been rising because of overinvestment by China and other emerging markets will sharply reduce inflation.

Demand for luxury goods is booming, alongside weak demand for goods and services consumed by lower income groups.

This process enabled western European companies and banks to expand into new markets with higher growth rates and, thereby satisfying pent up demand and tapping unrealized potential.

The potential for abuse is enormous.

And yet, given that the non tradable sector is constrained by its reliance on domestic demand, recovery if it comes will depend on the tradable sector s growth potential.

In this regard, another important development is the increasing number of emerging market middle class consumers, their growing purchasing power, and thus their potential impact on global demand.

Devaluation renders exports more competitive, thus substituting external demand for the domestic demand that is being compressed.

Moreover, demand for water changes over time.

Reducing demand for trafficked women and girls

In the emerging world, however, the mismatch between growth expectations and actual potential has often become a serious issue that demand side stimulus and endless debt accumulation cannot cure.

I see two potential grounds for concern.

With domestic demand still weak, more export demand is just what the doctor ordered for an anemic economy.

For starters, there is no legal basis for his demand.

By contrast, a gap between supply and demand when the corresponding excess demand is for financial assets is a recipe for economic meltdown.

But they are anti liberal they accept democracy s demand for the popular legitimacy, but reject its demand for constitutionalism (the separation of powers).

There is not enough demand for this product.

Of course, the effects spread through the economy as demand for cars falls, demand for steel also falls, and steel workers are laid off.

These complementarities hold great potential for both sides.

Each of us carries this potential for rot.

Potential for absorption in the biennium 2006 2007

Scale economies, gains from specialization and learning, and conducive demand conditions are some of the basic theoretical reasons why the creation of leading industrial sectors, along with related technological capabilities, holds out the potential for strong income and productivity growth.

For this large sector, there is no substitute for domestic demand.