Many investors also feel the need to balance increasingly speculative investments ( satellite positioning ) with much safer investments ( core positioning ).

Threading the Fiscal Needle

In the US, consolidation has barely begun.

But a fiscal crisis calls for political self restraint.

So it would have been lethal to embark on fiscal consolidation back then.

Fiscal consolidation was not, however, the result of formal fiscal rules.

Indeed, in contrast to the United States, eurozone authorities were slow to consolidate the banking system after the global financial crisis erupted in 2008, and failed to sever the ties between sovereigns and banks balance sheets. Nor did they push strongly for structural reforms.

As a result, fiscal consolidation appeared to be the only way to restore confidence.

This calls for caution with consolidation efforts.

Second, adjustment fatigue is widespread and becoming more acute.

Fiscal consolidation is the second pillar of France s economic strategy.

Only by adjusting the distribution of public finance can China s leadership help local governments to decrease their reliance on land transfer revenues and bank loans.

Europe needs fiscal consolidation, reductions in carbon emissions, and a strategy for economic growth.

Austerity based fiscal consolidation is likely to fail, because sustainable public budgets are best achieved on the basis of strong economic growth.

In each case where fiscal consolidation supposedly was expansionary, the economy grew because of some third factor.

Much of this costly divergence from the earlier projections can be attributed to the benign view of fiscal consolidation that UK authorities and the IMF shared.

Aware of our responsibilities and of the need to create conditions and an environment favourable for meeting the Millennium Goals, São Tomé and Príncipe has adopted a strategic plan to reduce poverty.

In this case, fiscal consolidation is likely to affect their investment spending positively.

In the United Kingdom, the new government gave several reasons for front loading fiscal consolidation.

Fiscal consolidation therefore requires additional revenue as well as slower growth in entitlement spending.

John Burgess, who writes about Saudi Arabia at Crossroads Arabia, reports on the kingdom's plans to get more involved in the attempts to control piracy

Fiscal consolidation in the Mediterranean countries might just do the trick, and allow at great cost a return to normal financing arrangements.

France is fully committed to a fiscal consolidation effort that returns it to a balanced budget by 2017.

This might be true if a country were to declare that it was basically giving up on fiscal consolidation plans and the international support associated with it, but it is highly unlikely if a country decides to lengthen the period of fiscal adjustment in consultation with supporting institutions such as the International Monetary Fund.

Fiscal consolidation and national reforms are essential and should continue. But we can better achieve our objectives under an EU framework that supports, rather than impedes, national action to boost growth and employment.

Second, it is possible, though not easy, to choose fiscal consolidation packages that are more growth friendly than others.

BERKELEY Across the globe, the debate over fiscal consolidation has the distinct sound of two sides talking past one another.

Fiscal weakness, a resetting of real estate values, and lower consumption all point to the potential for long term structural unemployment.

Those on the right believe that governments top priority should be fiscal consolidation.

In addition, regulation was made difficult by weak international legal frameworks, poor government capacities and the increasing volume of global financial transactions.

On the contrary, applied both individually and together, fiscal stimulus and consolidation are necessary parts of the adjustment process.

To be successful, the action plan will require the necessary resources financial, material and human.

Thus, German corporations will have to contribute to fiscal consolidation through reductions in subsidies and additional taxes on major energy companies, airlines, and financial institutions.

Restructuring damages the euro, and fiscal consolidation in the distressed countries, while necessary, is probably not sufficient.

The last two Secular Forums projected that, after the global financial crisis, the world economy would not reset in its traditional, cyclical manner.

The issue is not whether fiscal consolidation and external rebalancing are necessary they are.

Researchers fear that current warming trends, if uncontrolled, will greatly increase health risks.

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Public administration, finance and development

Indeed, the IMF explicitly recommended slower fiscal consolidation for Spain in its 2012 World Economic Outlook.

It means establishing a common deposit insurance scheme and a mechanism for closing down insolvent financial institutions.

Things were absolutely inhumane.

The Committee is concerned that the lives of a great number of children are marked by poverty, difficult access to, and deficient quality of, public services.

But this sort of fiscal consolidation can be achieved only if a majority perceives it as being socially equitable.