With regard to community land and forest rights, forest management should be devolved to community control community land and forest ownership should be legalized criteria and indicators for certification should be strengthened and markets should be designed that recognize local rights.

Respecting human rights and protecting vulnerable forest dependent people are important elements of sustainable forest management and the creation of an enabling environment for poverty alleviation.

Even this basic level of subsistence is threatened where tenure rights are insecure often forest laws deny or limit the right to use wood and non timber forest products, or rights of access and residence are denied.

The forest ecosystem and forest resources

In many countries, Governments have already recognized ancestral domain claims and the legitimate rights of forest dependent people, and have strengthened community forest tenure or created new opportunities for community management.

Forest operations and the forest industry provide employment and income to millions of workers and forest dwellers.

Promote genuine community based forest management that empowers forest peoples.

While forest biodiversity continues to decline as a result of deforestation, forest degradation and associated fragmentation of forest habitats, strong efforts are now being made to reverse this trend by restoring the forest functions in degraded forest landscapes.

C. Greater recognition of sustainable forest management and forest products trade

The reports raise the issue of pastoral land rights from the point of view of access to forest and pastoral land.

Forest fiscal reform provides opportunities to increase revenues generated from forest resources.

The establishment of rights for indigenous people and local communities is prerequisite for improving the livelihoods of these millions of forest inhabitants.

However, they are likely to differ in forest rich and forest poor countries.

Sustainable forest management

Sustainable forest management

Reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide through sustainable forest management, including protection, restoration, afforestation and reforestation, and increase efforts to prevent forest degradation

Implementation of national forest programmes. The proposals for action have effectively shaped the national forest programmes and their equivalents in many countries, and these national forest programmes have become national institutional frameworks for achieving sustainable forest management.

A forest may consist either of closed forest formations where trees of various storeys and undergrowth cover a high proportion of the ground or open forest.

One Forest, Two Tigers

Financing sustainable forest management

Forest related scientific knowledge

Forest health and productivity

International Forest Policy Forum

Bridal Veil Falls (DuPont State Forest) waterfall located in the DuPont State Forest in North Carolina.

In complementary development of forest production a multi purposeful interest of sustainable forest development is sought.

Enhance forest based economic, social and environmental benefits, including by improving the livelihoods of forest dependent people

The Viphya Forest to the south of the city is the largest man made forest in Africa.

Silence reigned in the forest.

U.S. Forest Service Ax Manual

Progress towards sustainable forest management

Combating deforestation and forest degradation

Stronger coordination of forest policies

The issue of land rights for those in forest areas was one the Government took very seriously, and a comprehensive land reform exercise was under way.

Without the full recognition of these rights and the implementation of corrective measures at all levels, any attempt to achieve sustainable forest management would be futile.

On the other hand, illegal forest related activities continue to be a major threat to sustainable forest management.

The importance of forest resources for the daily livelihoods of many people, and the need to safeguard rights of customary use, is also stressed in several reports.

Out of the total area of Bosnia and Herzegovina (5,113,000 hectares), forests and forest land account for 53 per cent (2,700,770 hectares or 0.71 hectares of forest and forest land per capita).

Reaffirming the special needs and requirements of countries with fragile forest ecosystems, including those of low forest cover countries,

The forest covers an area of 30,000 dunams (30 square kilometers), and is the largest planted forest in Israel.

(l) Forest ethics and corporate responsibility

International trade and sustainable forest management

Forest governance in Federal Systems (Contreras)

d. National forest policy and programs

Advances in forest partnerships and processes

Swedish Black Forest cake A Swedish cake called Schwarzwaldtårta is related to the traditional Black Forest cake only by name.