Alas, Hatoyama controls only the narrow field of policy.

It is the highest administrative body in the municipality and controls public policy.

SANTIAGO Few policy debates are stranger than the one concerning capital controls.

In the eurozone s member countries, only fiscal policy is possible at the national level, because the European Central Bank controls monetary policy.

One is that macroeconomic policy in a market economy relies largely on instruments of fiscal and monetary policy, rather than the direct controls imposed under administrative planning.

With monetary policy and some of the administrative controls on investment and local spending being relaxed, the slowdown should be brief.

Indeed, recent work in economic theory shows that capital controls can actually be the optimal policy choice.

Among these are controls on effort, including controls on types of gear and size of mesh, controls on vessels, including vessel type, length and horsepower, controls on fishing seasons and control of areas and controls on catch, including catch and by catch quotas.

Financial sector policy efforts thus emphasize institution building, including capital market development, along with liberalization of administrative controls.

The Parliament at Westminster, to which Scots continue to elect MP s, still controls defense and foreign affairs, macroeconomic policy, taxation, and social security.

Remote controls and modes

New internal controls have been introduced and existing controls and procedures have been reinforced.

The Act updates the present system of export controls in India with a view to making it more contemporary, by introducing transit and trans shipment controls, re transfer provisions, technology transfer controls, brokering controls and end use based controls.

Controls

Controls

They have considerable flexibility, owing to a range of policy tools, including variable capital and reserve requirements and direct controls on mortgage lending terms.

America s trade agreement with Chile, for example, impedes Chile s use of capital controls even though the International Monetary Fund now recognizes that capital controls can be an important instrument of macro prudential policy.

Financial and internal controls management

Implementing effective domestic controls on nuclear and radioactive materials and relevant equipment and technology, including export controls.

These political parties are also in favour of a healthy policy on tourism, with fewer controls on tourists and protection for their persons and property.

Through discreet but tough controls, Beijing pursues a policy of wai song, nei jin relaxed on the outside, vigilant internally.

On that day, the International Monetary Fund published a policy note that reversed its long held position on capital controls.

Immigration policy now needed to be seen as going beyond social policy, because with global firms operating in an international context, immigration controls could act as non tariff barriers.

Internal controls

Export controls

Border Controls

Export controls

Quilt controls

Remote Controls

Remote Controls

3. Controls

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The IMF s policy note makes clear that controls on cross border financial flows can be not only desirable, but also effective.

First, China needs capital controls to retain monetary policy independence until it is ready to adopt a floating exchange rate regime.

So which policy interventions are legitimate? Any policy of intervening in the exchange rate, or imposing import tariffs or capital controls, tends to force other countries to make greater adjustments.

Improved financial controls and reporting systems.

Improved border controls and smart borders.

Japan s incoming government has already signaled an economic policy pivot, relying on what it directly controls (fiscal policy), together with pressure on the Bank of Japan, to relax the monetary policy stance, in an effort to generate faster growth and higher inflation.

Acreage and output price controls and overvalued currencies were among the main policy instruments that have negatively affected the performance of the agricultural sector in the region.

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Arms trafficking controls

Other regulatory controls

Export Controls Assistance

Initiative Internal controls