Gender equality in legal acts

The legal equality that women enjoy does not necessarily translate into factual equality.

1.3 Legal and policy commitments to gender equality are preserved

Christodoulou, Athina Maria, Legal Advisor to the General Secretariat for Gender Equality

Necessary legal grounds and responsible institutions are provided for in the Gender Equality Act.

A review of the Niger legal corpus shows that it proclaims the principle of equality.

Ms. Schöpp Schilling welcomed the State party's initiative to review its anti discrimination legislation but cautioned that substantive equality was as important as formal legal equality.

One important strategy for enhancing the enabling environment for gender equality would be to more directly and explicitly link the legal and policy frameworks for promoting gender equality.

At present, two legal aid centres for women are in operation i.e. the Legal Aid Centre for women under the Department of Legal Aid, Ministry of Justice and the Legal Counseling Office on gender equality under the Women's Union.

It provides for equality in respect to rights and obligations for citizens in administration, education, legal protection, etc.

Some of the research findings have been used for the making of legal documents on women and gender equality.

If we add new permanent members, the asymmetry that affects the legal equality of States will only further increase.

The legal capacity of women is also covered in the proposed amendments to the Civil Code dealing with equality.

However, legal and institutional measures have been taken to establish equality between men and women in the labour market.

Besides the legal documents mentioned in the above articles, especially in article 4, the State of Vietnam has promulgated other laws and legal documents to ensure employment equality for women.

1.1 Incorporation of the principle of equality between men and women as laid down in legal texts of the Niger

Concerning the legal definitions of discrimination and equality, the Women's Bureau had reviewed its 11 years' experience of institution building and had realized that tension persisted between the two perspectives of equality and equity.

The Egyptian Constitution provided for equality for all citizens, freedom of belief, and access to legal proceedings in case of discrimination.

In addition, the Research Centre on Equality Matters offered victims psychological and legal support and employment advice in five major towns.

Today, citizens inevitably use their civil, legal, and political rights to demand economic and social equality or at least reduction of inequality.

From a legal standpoint, all the guarantees that prohibit discrimination against women are in place equality is guaranteed by the country's Constitution.

Whilst legal, religious and custom principles provide the basis for a society that should promote equality, discrimination against women is wide spread.

Nevertheless ways to incorporate a definition of discrimination and the Convention's provisions on equality into the country's legal framework should be found.

The provisions of the above mentioned legal documents continue to conform to the principle of equality in education while creating mechanisms and necessary conditions for women and girl children to enjoy equality in education and training.

We did so by launching a Declaration on Principles of Equality a declaration that builds on its historical precursor to establish, for the first time ever, general legal principles that define equality as a basic human right.

That situation was not ideal, but decisions of the courts had ensured, in practice, that the legal system upheld the right to equality.

Following the enactment of the Equality Act 2004, he had sought legal advice with regard to the reservation on article 11, paragraph 1, which was being maintained because of very limited exclusions in the Employment Equality Act 1998.

It follows, then, that the right to equality could be violated even where another legal right to, say, housing or employment does not exist.

That would perpetuate an attitude that runs counter to the legal equality of States and endangers the attainment of the objectives of the Charter.

We encourage the measures, albeit still limited, that have been taken in promoting gender equality, including the filling of obvious gender gaps and the revisiting of legal issues, together with the development of an action plan for gender equality.

The tension between civil, legal, and political equality and the reality of economic and social inequality was noted as far back as the French Revolution.

Remarkably, Women Unions at different levels have been active in disseminating legal knowledge for women and organizing campaigns to raise public awareness on gender equality.

In Mubarak s Egypt, citizens legal equality, while stipulated in the constitution, is not respected or observed, especially with regard to the construction and protection of Coptic churches.

Many resolutions and legal normative documents have been issued with particular emphasis on ensuring gender equality and women's rights in civil, political, economic, cultural and social fields.

Part two makes a brief presentation of the country's legal situation and shows how Mozambique's Constitution protects and promotes the equality of rights between men and women.

Yet equality before the law was not the same as equality in rights or gender equality.

To eliminate this phenomenon, the State has developed and adopted a number of legal and regulatory acts and State programmes and action plans, which has fostered gender equality.

The Court also stated that equality is a fundamental value in the Israeli legal system and that gender based discrimination is one of the gravest forms of discrimination.

The Court also stated that equality is a fundamental value in the Israeli legal system and that gender based discrimination is one of the gravest forms of discrimination.

The United Nations was conceived on a fundamental premise, that of the legal equality of States, which at the time was more of an aspiration than a reality.

Women and men enjoy equality in legal and civil matters, whether they relate to concluding contracts or administering property or practicing in courts of law or administering justice.

Greater equality reinforces the ambition for still more equality.

As concerns legal information and consultation for women, the Research Centre for Gender Equality K.E.TH.I. (an institution operating under public law, supervised by the General Secretariat for Gender Equality) offers this type of services free of charge, aiming at strengthening and empowering women at exercising their rights.

It is worth mentioning, among others, former President Alberto Lleras Camargo, one of the first and most fierce and efficient defenders of the principle of legal equality between States.

Equality between women and men was not only a legal concept (de jure) but also a substantive one (de facto), requiring the implementation of practical measures to ensure its effectiveness.