It also provides the women with greater bargaining power in their own households.

Thus, firms have little pricing power, owing to excess capacity, while workers bargaining power is low, owing to high unemployment.

Thus, an inflexible contract can protect workers when the preponderance of bargaining power is with firms.

The situation is markedly different if parties with clearly unequal bargaining power contract with one another.

It is clear that in this context, the contracting parties are not of equal bargaining power.

Outcomes will be mediated more by actors relative bargaining power than by pre existing implicit or explicit contracts.

The Panel recommends that African nations put their bargaining power behind multilateral trade liberalization at Doha and beyond.

This type of regional coordination might also enhance the bargaining power of the countries involved, strengthening their global voice.

In certain situations, weakness and the threat that a partner will collapse can be a source of bargaining power.

By raising the bargaining power of agricultural labor, the act s passage has led to higher farm wages, greater purchasing power for the rural poor, and lower distress migration.

European utilities bargaining power vis à vis Russian gas giant Gazprom has risen considerably despite long term oil indexed supply contracts.

As surviving firms gain in size, Chinese businesses may exercise more bargaining power vis à vis the Chinese government and foreign firms.

Power arises from asymmetries in interdependence. You and I may depend on each other, but if I depend on you less than you do on me, my bargaining power is increased.

But it faces an uncertain political future. If a power struggle emerges, the large Bushehr reactor could be used as a bargaining chip.

Land and property ownership increases women's food security, their bargaining power within the household and their social status as members of the community.

Grand Bargaining with Iran

They also accrue to relatively poor workers who lack the bargaining power to induce bosses to offer the pensions they really want and need.

Where employees have high bargaining power, the profits pie is constantly up for re division, both within the firm and at the national level.

This could help, since individually SMEs do not have much bargaining power but nonetheless rely on these services in order to access international markets.

Often, bargaining will break down.

You and I may depend on each other, but if I depend on you less than you do on me, my bargaining power is increased.

The key to recovery, then, is to tax the rich, increase transfers, and restore worker incomes by enhancing union bargaining power and raising minimum wages.

Clearly, in relation to contracts of carriage concluded between parties of broadly equal bargaining power, this approach would not give rise to public policy concerns.

Before the modern globalization era, unions could thrive by organizing on a national scale, giving them enormous bargaining power vis à vis both employers and consumers.

A bankrupt debtor who owes 1,000 has little power, but if it owes 1 billion, it may have considerable bargaining power witness the fate of institutions judged too big to fail in the 2008 financial crisis.

For the use of hard power resources, two skills are particularly important organizational capacity and a Machiavellian proficiency in bullying, buying, and bargaining to form winning coalitions.

Small developing countries may find it more difficult to successfully engineer strategies to attract FDI in R D, as they have weak bargaining power and small markets.

But if the US concludes the TPP before the Europeans secure an agreement with Japan, the Japanese government s bargaining power vis à vis the EU would automatically increase.

The composite and diverse nature of monarchical rule in Spain also included the diversity of social classes and the bargaining power that they had versus the central government.

Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo Greek and Iranian states.

Governments must invest in transport and communication networks counteract asymmetric information, externalities, and unequal bargaining power moderate financial panics and recessions and respond to popular demands for safety nets and social insurance.

And the same challenge hides behind the formula of inclusion of the Taliban in any settlement for Afghanistan, because the Taliban have no bargaining power without Pakistan, as recent events have shown.

It was suggested that the proposed article could name some indicators to be examined when deciding whether a contract was individually negotiated, such as, for example, the relative bargaining power of the parties.

He might receive offers, and perhaps the bargaining has already started.

At the same time, however, purely bilateral negotiations between individual EU members and oil and gas producing countries weakens the member states bargaining power, as well as undermining Europe s geopolitical weight in world affairs.

And so, after six months of bargaining, a historic deal was struck.

The reform s centerpiece is a requirement imposed by the government that people choose responsibly and provide themselves with insurance albeit with the government willing to subsidize the poor and strengthen the bargaining power of the weak.

Power and decision making society should grow towards the equal representation of men and women in influential positions.

At the same time, America s bargaining position in world politics should be enhanced.

In principle, workers can seek remedies by joining a union and bargaining collectively.

Bargaining is highly centralized and often the government participates to coordinate fiscal policy.

National Governments could also facilitate local authorities' access to donor support and other international finance by aggregating loan demands of multiple localities into a common borrowing facility, realizing economies of scale, pooling risks and enhancing bargaining power.

The main purpose of this approach, common to all existing international liability regimes, is to reduce the potential for abuse in the context of contracts of adhesion, used where parties with unequal bargaining power contract with one another.

Complex ethnic bargaining had made Jonathan Yar Adua s running mate in the fraudulent 2007 election.

Bargaining over the economic surplus is often open ended, especially if competition is weak.