The bullwhip effect is an observed phenomenon in forecast driven distribution channels.

To show causation, mass communication researchers must isolate the variable they are studying, show that it occurs before the observed effect, and that it is the only variable that could cause the observed effect.

Set here the level of the effect.

The High level Plenary Meeting observed a minute of silent prayer or meditation.

The low level of literacy has an aggravating effect.

The Human Rights Committee observed that certain minimum standards regarding the conditions of detention must be observed regardless of a State party's level of development.

This value controls the level to use with the current effect.

However, the low humidity level mitigates the effect of high temperatures.

In both types of studies, the effect of differences of an independent variable (or variables) on the behavior of the dependent variable are observed.

It is also observed that the increase in AIDS has been increasing in the lowest socioeconomic level, especially among women.

It was observed that the effect of draft subparagraph 83 (b)(ii) would be a further expansion of freedom of arbitration in the liner industry.

Almost half of the stimulus simply offsets the contractionary effect of cutbacks at the state level.

In testimony to the UK Parliament, Volcker gently observed that Internationalizing some of the basic regulations would make a level playing field.

The total fertility rate, today estimated at 2.3 children per woman, decreased drastically from the level of 6.2 observed in the mid 60s.

In 1981, we published an article in Science magazine concluding that observed warming of 0.4 degrees Celsius in the prior century was consistent with the greenhouse effect of increasing CO2.

As observed, the complainant seemed to speak freely, made no complaints about torture, and in response to a direct question on systematic abuse in prison, made no claim to that effect.

OIOS observed weaknesses in strategy at the mission level for civil military coordination and liaison in general, and concerning CSPs implemented by the contingents in particular.

Tuhin Das observed

NGOs, national institutions and parliaments were also critical in ensuring that the work had a lasting effect at the national level.

Asthma aggravation has been observed in patients using large dose of beta 2 stimulants, but it is not known if it results from spontaneous course of the disease or adverse effect of the drugs.

It is necessary that the so called umbrella laws, i.e. the laws at the Bosnia and Herzegovina level, are observed in Republika Srpska, such as the Law on Copyrights.

The glass ceiling effect refers to invisible yet powerful barriers that prevent women from moving beyond a certain level in the work place.

He hoped that proposals to that effect would be submitted to the General Assembly at the forthcoming high level meeting on counter terrorism.

How is the error observed?

Set at a low enough level say, 0.25 such a tax would have little adverse effect on the global economy while raising considerable revenue.

The glass ceiling' effect is quite pronounced in the Public Service as indicated by the low number of women advancing to senior management level.

By a strange twist of physics, the magnetic disturbance on the ground due to the main current almost cancels out, so most of the observed effect of auroras is due to a secondary current, the auroral electrojet.

Although the role of monetary policy in demand management is limited when a national currency is pegged to a currency such as the dollar, its indirect effect of creating healthy domestic demand could be observed in 2004.

Given the desensitization effect on most male subjects, researchers found that they quickly required higher levels of stimulation to achieve the same level of arousal.

As observed by the Secretary General,

In its first report (S 2004 679), the Monitoring Team observed that the sanctions imposed by the Security Council had lost some of their effect because the nature of the threat from the Taliban and Al Qaida had changed.

However, the assessment team observed some level of insecurity in parts of Sinoe where illicit tapping of rubber is taking place, specifically in the Sinoe Rubber Plantation and Butaw Oil Palm Company areas.

The overall conclusion of the survey is that a high level of emphasis on South South approaches to development was observed in 40 per cent of the total number of UNDP country programmes.

The brain is then observed in situ.

Hast thou observed him who belieth religion ?

Hast thou observed him who belieth religion ?

v. New Zealand, the Committee observed that

Lessons learned trends observed obstacles to overcome

Writing in 1921 Sir Cecil Hurst observed

As a first step, UNDP introduced with effect from 1 January 2004 the activity based universal price list (UPL) for reimbursement for services at the field level.

They also observed that the interpretation in effect conferred a right to remain on persons founding a family and managing to escape detection for a sufficiently long period, an interpretation that, in their view, ignores prevailing standards of international law .

If thought of in terms of causality or cause and effect, the higher a person's expectation and the lower the execution, the higher the frustration level may become.

In the course of my work over the past 30 years, I have observed that whether it is at the national or regional level, most conflicts are over resources. Who will control and utilize them?

In conclusion, from 1950 onwards, it may be observed that births in Greece show a steady downward trend today they approach 1.3 per woman, a percentage significantly below replacement level fertility (2.1 children per woman).

The alternative option can be observed in Zimbabwe.