Low birth weight is one of the strongest predictors of infant mortality.

Congenital malformations, low birth weight and prematurity account for over 52 per cent of infant deaths.

The adverse effects of smoking on pregnancy range from low birth weight to increased incidence of spontaneous abortions, prematurity, still births, sudden infant death syndrome and neonatal deaths.

Subcategories include very low birth weight (VLBW), which is less than 1500 g (3 pounds 5 ounces), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW), which is less than 1000 g (2 pounds 3 ounces).

Poor maternal nutritional status and health also result in low weight of children at birth.

Some of the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent in higher rates of stillbirths, birth defects, low birth weights and infant mortality.

Some of the effects of malnutrition during pregnancy were immediately apparent in higher rates of stillbirths, birth defects, low birth weights and infant mortality.

Birth factors such as low birth weight may also play a role as do a number of infectious diseases including HIV AIDS and tuberculosis.

The use of tobacco products or exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy has been linked to low birth weight.

According to Jordan, malnutrition in pregnant women resulted in an increase in the incidence of low birth weight infants.

Additional studies on mother to foetus infant transmission of HIV in the Congo, Kenya and Malawi, have shown that HIV infection in pregnant women is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes, such as chorioamnionitis, prematurity and low birth weight.

64. To improve the health status of infants and children, to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and to lower infant and child mortality in line with the commitment of Governments made at the World Summit for Children.

The primary causes of child deaths worldwide are pneumonia, followed by diarrhoea, low birth weight and prematurity, asphyxia at birth and, in some regions, malaria and HIV AIDS.

Jordan also claims an amount of USD 55,980,464 for other losses related to the increased incidence of low birth weight infants.

So he got the right weight at birth.

However, the Panel notes that there is some evidence of an increase in the incidence of low birth weight infants in Jordan immediately following Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait, and that this increase could have been partly due to the arrival of pregnant refugee women who delivered low birth weight infants while in Jordan.

Malawi has a low life expectancy and high infant mortality.

Infant mortality rates are high, and life expectancy at birth is 50.03 years.

For the pregnant women, anemia and malnutrition are some factors that lead to high incidence of premature childbirths, maternal mortality and low weight at birth.

Iraq questions the alleged link between the invasion and occupation of Kuwait and the increased incidence of low birth weight babies and malnourished children in Jordan.

Jordan claims an amount of USD 102,962,079 for expenses incurred in treating low birth weight infants and an amount of USD 51,710,096 for costs incurred in treating malnourished children.

Low birth weight has negative effects on the physical and or the mental development of children and increases the likelihood of their death during their first years of life.

Either parent's citizenship carries equal weight relating to children's citizenship acquired at birth.

This estimate refers to children under 5 who were of less weight at birth.

American children suffer far more from low birth weight (a major danger signal for later life) being overweight at ages 11, 13, and 15 and very high rates of teenage fertility.

In Ghana, USAID and UNICEF supported the development and dissemination of communication materials focused on women of reproductive age, aiming to prevent low birth weight and break the cycle of malnutrition.

However, no information has been provided that would enable the Panel to determine what proportion, if any, of the number of low birth weight infants in Jordan were in this category.

In the view of the Panel, compensation for the costs of providing medical treatment to low birth weight infants born to refugees could duplicate the compensation recommended by the F2 Panel.

First claim unit Low birth weight infants and malnourished children Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 210,652,639 for short term and long term medical treatment costs and other losses resulting from increases in the incidence of (a) low birth weight infants and (b) malnourished children in Jordan, both of which Jordan asserts were the result of the presence of refugees following Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

However, organizations like Zero to Three and the World Association for Infant Mental Health use the term infant as a broad category, including children from birth to age 3.

III. Infant mortality rates, crude death rates and life expectancy at birth by subregion, 1970 and 1990 . 137

Infant mortality rates rose among low income groups in many developing countries, and inequality increased.

(d) Active promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for six months after birth, with the addition of appropriate infant diet thereafter.

In the view of the Panel, any expenses or costs incurred by Jordan in respect of such low birth weight infants would constitute losses directly resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

Jordan was requested to provide a breakdown of the numbers of low birth weight infants born to refugees as opposed to those born to the Jordanian population, but it failed to do so.

Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children.

The Panel notes that Jordan's main argument in support of its claim is that the incidence of low birth weight infants and malnourished children would not have occurred but for Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

Most ESCWA member countries perform quite well when judged by life expectancy at birth and by infant and under five mortality rates.

In 1991, with the infant death rate of 14,5 promil BiH fell under the category of countries with relatively low infant mortality rate (in Central and Eastern Europe, the infant mortality rate was 17,5 promils and the European average was 7,5 promils).

Indeed, countries with higher birth rates are less exposed to longevity risk in the next half century or so than countries with low birth rates.

Life expectancy at birth is forecast to increase from 80 years to 85 years in 2050 and infant mortality is expected to decline.

High temperature, oxygen concentration and low pH degrade 11 S storage proteins of green coffee beans to low molecular weight peptides and amino acids.

We started running very low on food. We were both pretty hungry, losing lots of weight.

Rising life expectancy coupled with low birth rates shape the demography of almost all prosperous countries.

But tests of whether birth weight might explain some of the link between intelligence and mortality have found no connection.