Fortunately, China s relatively strong fiscal and foreign exchange positions can cushion the economy against short term shocks.

Given that these policies enabled these countries to respond well to shocks coming from the crisis epicenter, there are strong incentives to keep them in place.

Germany s Five Shocks

These countries all had strong external balance sheets and ample room for fiscal maneuver before the crisis, which allowed them to apply countercyclical policies to combat external shocks.

So expect big shocks.

That might also help mitigate the impact of larger shocks and increase the net return potential during severe shocks (though it might also lower the return potential for more mild shocks).

Third, financial shocks will be worse than expected.

Adjustment, support to trade and trade related shocks

Moreover, energy and food price shocks can be both large and largely unpredictable, while the speed of price changes tends to increase with big shocks.

This makes economies significantly less vulnerable to external shocks.

China is thus far more vulnerable to external shocks.

And the lack of shock shocks me even more...

There are no great shocks but various declines and crises.

Some have collective shocks to the marginal utility of leisure.

Debt sustainability is also affected by vulnerability to external shocks.

18. Also notes the initial discussion in the International Monetary Fund on a new liquidity instrument that would enable high access financial support to developing countries that have market access and strong economic policies but nonetheless remain vulnerable to shocks

Barring unexpected shocks, I believe that China s inflation may peak soon.

A sensible approach could be to hedge against intermediate level shocks.

Countries have accumulated large reserves in order to insure against shocks.

Undercover investigations have repeatedly shown animals being beaten and given electric shocks.

But it also includes physical resilience and the ability to withstand shocks.

External shocks brought about by climate change will directly affect advanced economies.

This elevated temperature heat shocks non fecal bacteria and suppresses their growth.

This external dependence increases their vulnerability to external economic threats and shocks.

Strong capital inflows, especially of foreign direct investment, and terms of trade recovery since 2009 have made the region less vulnerable to external shocks that is, to recurrence of the abrupt capital flow reversal that occurred in late 2008 and early 2009.

They are also the most vulnerable to the shocks of the financial crisis.

In the future, climate change can be expected to cause more supply shocks.

European experience suggests that large scale systemic shocks call for greater financial support.

Four decades have passed since the oil price shocks of the 1970 s.

But the decreased flexibility in response to economic shocks will certainly test it.

Of course, the years since 1987 have not been without big macroeconomic shocks.

The SRM framework includes interventions that focus on managing risks before shocks occur.

They are facing the argument that the United States monetary union works much better because there is a large federal budget to smooth the impact of asymmetric shocks that is, shocks to individual states.

But, even if we accept that conclusion, we are left to wonder what caused large shocks to uncertainty and to liquidity financial risk in recent years, and how reliably such shocks can be predicted.

The goal is not to absorb shocks but to reduce income gaps across regions.

Indeed, many now apparently assume that their countries have become immune to future shocks.

The most immediate challenge is to safeguard the financial system s stability against external shocks.

Tax transfers should also act as an automatic stabilizer in the case of asymmetric shocks.

In the aftermath of the oil price shocks, energy security policy has had four components.

More often than not, however, the shocks have been ideological, with no basis in science.

By and large, these developments enhance an economy s resilience to shocks and prevent economic collapse.

Moreover, external shocks, policy mistakes, and political instability could disrupt even the best laid plans.

Small, open economies are naturally somewhat specialized, which leaves them vulnerable to shocks and volatility.

YanniKouts Suicide of a 77 year old man this morning in Syntagma Sq shocks Greece.

Globalization has increased the vulnerability of the developing and transition economies to adverse external shocks.