All these provocations add upward pressure on oil prices, enriching the Iranian government.

Of course, upward pressure on commodity prices also stems from supply side challenges.

While these factors undoubtedly placed upward pressure on food prices, they alone cannot explain the steep hikes.

This downward pressure on prices has allowed Western central banks to follow expansionary monetary policies, underpinning higher employment and growth.

This increase put pressure on businesses and consumers, and was a major factor in the increase in world food prices.

Currently, Russia s greatest economic concern is growing inflationary pressure, driven especially by food prices.

Measures mandated by the central government to control surging real estate prices will continue to reinforce this trend, increasing pressure on local government revenues.

Given the upward pressure on prices implied by rising emerging market demand and the global economy s rapid increase in size, that day has arrived.

Higher food and energy prices put upward pressure on price levels in the subregion, which was partially offset by fuel subsidies in some countries.

Higher interest rates also raise the cost of borrowing to buy these assets, which may diminish demand for them, exerting downward pressure on their prices.

Fiscal consolidation means less public spending. And less spending means less upward pressure on prices which is the last thing Europe needs in a deflationary environment.

America s high rate of unemployment and the low rates of capacity utilization imply that there is little upward pressure on wages and prices in the US.

While the appreciation of the real s exchange rate kept a lid on prices for tradable goods, non tradable goods, especially services, remained a source of inflationary pressure.

Installing a conservative central banker helps to keep inflation expectations in check, thereby holding down long term interest rates and mitigating upward pressure on wages and prices.

CAMBRIDGE Inflation is now low in every industrial country, and the combination of high unemployment and slow GDP growth removes the usual sources of upward pressure on prices.

When the permit prices become large enough to have a significant effect on CO2 emissions, there will be political pressure to introduce tariffs on imports that offset the advantage of countries with low permit prices. Such offsetting tariffs would have to differ among products (being higher on more CO2 intensive products) and among countries (being higher for countries with low permit prices).

So savers did what one would expect seek higher risk adjusted returns in emerging economies, causing increases in credit and fueling upward pressure on exchange rates and asset prices.

The main deviation has been the past two years of record high food prices, caused not by climate change but by the policies designed to combat it the dash for ethanol, which put food into cars and thus upward pressure on food prices.

The ensuing bubble in Japanese housing and equity prices inflated and burst not because Japan succumbed to US pressure to allow the yen to appreciate, but because Japan, in the end, resisted that pressure.

Reducing demographic pressure on forests.

If Brazil s government does not tighten fiscal policy, the exchange rate will generate more inflationary pressure from the rise in prices of imported goods.

In the first four months of 2014, housing sales dropped by nearly 7 year on year, with construction of new floor area falling by more than 22 . As a result, downward pressure on property prices is mounting.

There was huge downward pressure on manufacturing prices from low wage Asian economies, while unemployment in the developed world averaged 5 6 about twice as high as in the earlier post war decades.

First, inflationary pressure will grow in already overheating emerging market economies, where oil and food prices represent up to two thirds of the consumption basket.

A back pressure valve on the gas outlet to maintain a steady pressure in the vessel.

Indeed, in some areas, prices are again under downward pressure, which could worsen if mortgage finance becomes less readily available and more expensive, as is possible.

Of course, upward pressure on commodity prices also stems from supply side challenges. It is not just that global supplies of resources are increasingly scarce, but also that supplies are increasingly falling into inefficient hands.

There was nevertheless increasing pressure on Morocco.

However, the pressure on staff is unsustainable.

The United States, in particular, put enormous pressure on Japan to take expansive policy measures to relieve the pressure on the international system.

Not surprisingly, investors have welcomed new strategic plans by both companies, as well as EDF s withdrawal from the US market the downward pressure on their share prices has eased, though for how long remains to be seen.

Two factors are intensifying the pressure on Sarkozy.

This will certainly put pressure on the government.

Prices paid by European wood buyers are phenomenally high by local standards, and there is much pressure to utilize this opportunity for cash accumulation, even without legal permits.

The US Federal Reserve keeps the short term nominal T bill rate near 1 only when the economy is depressed, capacity is slack, labor is idle, and the principal risk is deflation rather than upward pressure on prices.

Keep the pressure on them. Support the peace process.

There is no agreement on a pressure lower limit.

Illegal activity can also put pressure on forest resources.

Russia's foreign ministry warned against putting pressure on Myanmar on June 8.

Given that investment banks can only attain high rates of return in a world with volatile asset prices and short term performance goals, companies pressure their managers to follow suit.

Sound pressure level Sound pressure is the difference, in a given medium, between average local pressure and the pressure in the sound wave.

European pressure on President Bashar al Assad s regime is intensifying.

The Armed Forces continued to exert pressure on the ELN.

Currently, pressure must be maintained on the parties in Abuja.

This pressure is compounded in resource rich Latin American countries by the increase in commodity prices caused by a similar search for yield and by the fall in the dollar s value.