However any discriminatory action by the State, agents of the State or those acting on behalf of the State can be challenged in courts.

Access to the courts and the manner in which such crimes are dealt with have also been affected by the absence of training programmes for court officials on gender issues, as well as by sexist practices in the justice system, especially in penal matters.

The development of a trained cadre of Timorese court officials and maintenance of judicial services delivery has proved to be a long term endeavour that will require continued international support.

As Resident Magistrate based at Kabwe, Central Province of Zambia, I was in charge of all professional staff (magistrates and Local Court Justices), including all administrative support staff in the Province.

Courts

Religious Courts

International Tribunals

Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel

Courts and prosecutor's offices

Military tribunals

International criminal tribunals

Hierarchy Establishment of Courts

Directorate of Court Operation and Judges

(b) Courts' Department

Source Superior Courts

In addition to the regular courts, there are a few special courts in certain branches of administration.

During the reporting period, none of the judges, prosecutors, lawyers or court staff who fled to the south at the beginning of the September 2002 crisis returned to their functions in the north.

Court protection

Regular Administrative Courts

Civil and Criminal Courts

55 175. Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel

56 217. Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel

57 155. Safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel

The hierarchy of the courts in Vanuatu consists of three levels inferior courts, a superior court, and an appeal court.

Waldau writes that other courts in India and one court in Sri Lanka have used similar language.

Moreover, domestic courts are not independent and the decisions of the higher courts are often ignored by the executive.

The domestic courts passed a single judgement concerning all the parties, and none of the courts differentiated between the parties.

The task force developed a three month plan of work, identifying strategies and actions to improve the response of the judicial and law enforcement systems, after which it recommended, inter alia, the training of court officials, and the staff of the Attorney General's Office and police departments on handling cases of violence against women.

Subordinate Courts Act 1948

The right to pursue justice through the courts.

At the Fund, only the staff of the Cashier Unit possess such expertise.

In that case, the public prosecutor filed an extradition request with the courts, and extradition orders were granted at the courts' discretion.

She was able to challenge her detention before a court several times, but the courts did not find her detention unlawful.

With respect to access to justice, as indicated in section X below, UNAMSIL has assisted the efforts to ease the backlog in court trials, and has supported training and capacity building for court personnel, as well as the rehabilitation of prisons.

The main difference is that formal courts are based on written laws, while the community courts are based on customary norms.

(g) Compensation awarded by the tribunals and alternatives

Military tribunals 46 48 16

institutes procedures before the relevant courts

C. Amicus curiae before international courts

Acted as an Appeals Court from decisions of the Local Courts.

Chapter VI. Application of the Convention by the courts

Disputes concerning discrimination shall be resolved in a court of law.

The domestic courts agreed with the Commission.

Substantive issues Equality of arms in the courts

d) The Services Tribunals Act 1973