A further condition for responsibility is that both States are bound by the obligation breached.

A State is entitled as an injured State to invoke the responsibility of another State if the obligation breached is owed to

Article 40 (1) Draft Articles on State Responsibility This Chapter applies to the international responsibility which is entailed by a serious breach by a State of an obligation arising under a peremptory norm of general international law. Article 48 (1) (b) the obligation breached is owed to the international community as a whole .

In fact, the movement towards recognizing individual criminal responsibility for violations of jus in bello has not yet been accompanied by credible monitoring of States' obligation to ensure that such individual responsibility is effectively legally sanctioned.

Our responsibility for the Shoah, the ultimate crime against humanity in the twentieth century, entails a particular obligation for Germany towards the State of Israel.

If a party to a conflict is unable to fulfil this obligation, the international community has a responsibility to ensure that humanitarian aid is provided.

Further emphasis should be placed on the responsibility of States supporting terrorism directly or indirectly, and Turkey recalls the obligation of States to deny safe haven and immunity to terrorists.

Recognizing the primary responsibility of the Government of the Sudan to protect and promote human rights within its territory, and its obligation to enhance the applicability of international humanitarian law,

(10) The breach of an international obligation on the part of an international organization does not affect the possibility that its member States also incur responsibility according to the articles on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts.

The possibility that member States could breach another international obligation while taking the required or recommended conduct would not per se be relevant to the organization's responsibility.

The four articles on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts that are included in the chapter on the breach of an international obligation deal with, respectively, the existence of a breach of an international obligation, the requirement that the obligation be in force at the time the act occurs, the extension of the breach in time and the breach consisting of a composite act.

Responsibility would be justified only if the recommended or authorized act was actually taken and would have been in breach of an obligation for the organization had the organization taken it directly.

Social responsibility is an ethical framework which suggests that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large.

1. This chapter applies to the international responsibility which is entailed by a serious breach by a State of an obligation arising under a peremptory norm of general international law.

(c) Secured obligation means the obligation secured by a security right.

However, if a particular Government fails to live up to that responsibility, the international community has the obligation to take all necessary steps and use all available and necessary means to prevent a major humanitarian disaster.

It is also a moment for us to reaffirm our collective responsibility indeed our moral obligation to work together so that such horrendous wars will never be repeated in the future.

The journalist has the right and obligation

(e) The importance of international cooperation in assisting Governments to fulfil their obligation to protect and promote all human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights, while emphasizing that the first responsibility for promoting and protecting human rights lies with States

While the developing countries are committed to improving the domestic investment environment, the international community and particularly the developed countries  have the responsibility and the obligation to create conditions for, and encourage the flow of, foreign direct investment to developing countries.

Scope of the obligation

Scope of the obligation

The economists commonplace that a monetary union demands a fiscal union is only part of a much deeper truth about debt and obligation debt is rarely sustainable if there is not some sense of communal or collective responsibility.

(8) As explained in the commentary to article 12 on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, the reference in paragraph 1 to the character of the obligation concerns the various classifications of international obligations .

As regards the topic Responsibility of international organizations , the Commission considered the Special Rapporteur's third report (A CN.4 553), proposing nine draft articles dealing with the existence of a breach of an international obligation by an international organization and the responsibility of an international organization in connection with the act of a State or another international organization.

The sole purpose of the clan therefore is to look after the land and nurture what exists on it including the obligation to reproduce so that the next generation will take over that responsibility (Van Trease, 1987 Lini, 1995).

There is a great responsibility and obligation before the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Entity and Brčko District Governments to make additional efforts and improvements in this area, in order to fulfil international standards and criteria in the area of housing.

Breach of an international obligation

II. Scope of the obligation

This is our legal obligation.

(e) Debtor means a person that owes performance of the secured obligation and includes secondary obligors, such as guarantors of a secured obligation .

Obligation to promote equal treatment of men and women

We have an obligation to encourage and support them.

Article 8 General obligation to cooperate

Article 2 Obligation to Eliminate Discrimination

Article 46. Obligation to accept delivery

Article 47. Obligation to acknowledge receipt

There would be little reason for the Commission to take a different approach with regard to international organizations on the issues dealt with in the four articles on responsibility of States concerning the breach of an international obligation.

Consumers have an ethical responsibility to be aware of how their food is produced, and the big brands have a corresponding obligation to be more transparent about their suppliers, so that their customers can make informed choices about what they are eating.

An international organization incurs international responsibility if it adopts a decision binding a member State or international organization to commit an act that would be internationally wrongful if committed by the former organization and would circumvent an international obligation of the former organization.

An international organization incurs international responsibility if it adopts a decision binding a member State or international organization to commit an act that would be internationally wrongful if committed by the former organization and would circumvent an international obligation of the former organization.

(2) As with regard to States, the term international obligation means an obligation under international law regardless of its origin .

Applicability, authority and responsibility

in ensuring respect for commitments arising from an agreement concluded by the Community institutions the Member States fulfil, within the Community system, an obligation in relation to the Community, which has assumed responsibility for the performance of the agreement.

International obligation in force for a State