However, spending on infrastructure wins more public support and creates fewer protests.

Local governments were encouraged to increase their spending on public infrastructure projects in order to maintain growth.

Of course, the government s efforts alone cannot entice industrial investors to go West, because public infrastructure spending cannot overcome all problems.

True, government infrastructure spending is often wasted.

Public infrastructure

Infrastructure spending is either inadequate or poorly targeted.

Public health infrastructure

Fiscal policy should ideally focus on tax cuts and infrastructure spending.

Or public spending all European leaders adamantly want to reduce government spending.

Infrastructure banks that finance needed public infrastructure should be created as well.

a massive direct government fiscal stimulus that includes public works, infrastructure spending, unemployment benefits, tax rebates to lower income households, and provision of grants to cash strapped local governments

They account for half of public spending.

We need to ensure sustained levels of public spending to make the necessary investments in infrastructure and human capital, and to increase ODA channeled through the budgets of poor countries.

Unfortunately, this is unlikely to happen, because infrastructure spending runs up against popular opposition.

Since infrastructural development in most low income countries requires public funding, the level of spending and the access of the rural poor to infrastructure and public services have important implications for human capital and productivity in the agricultural sector.

Some claim that infrastructure spending creates a big Keynesian multiplier, a bigger increase in incomes than the initial spending (estimates range up to about 1.5 times the initial increase in spending).

But infrastructure spending is usually slow and almost always driven heavily by parochial political considerations.

At the same time, high oil prices have enabled higher social spending and infrastructure investment.

Public sector spending amounts to 53 of the GDP.

Large scale adjustments may leave an economy with a weaker capacity to generate growth, because high taxes have deterred investment or cuts in public spending have eroded the quality of infrastructure and education.

This in turn had made it possible to increase recurrent public spending in public services.

First, spending on high return public investments should be increased.

Public support for spending cuts is also difficult to win.

Spending, especially on investments in education, technology, and infrastructure, can actually lead to lower long term deficits.

Republicans will want to reform federal infrastructure spending which is already substantial rather than add to it.

There is little waste to cut from domestic spending, and many areas where increases in public spending are needed.

We mobilize private financing for public goods, such as infrastructure.

Governments were also encouraged to promote public public and public private partnerships for financing and developing infrastructure and affordable housing.

Increased public sector wage costs mean increased government spending on wages.

However, aside from a few countries including China, of course, but also Spain low infrastructure spending is epidemic.

Yet stumbling oil export performance and a sharp rise in infrastructure related imports, combined with an explosive growth in public spending, have fueled consistently high levels of inflation, with the annual rate now at more than 20 .

He connects the structural adjustment loans, with conditions of limited public spending on health and education infrastructure, to the uncontrolled spread of AIDS and subsequent food shortages as the disease infected much of the working age population.

Saudi Arabia is boosting its spending on social and infrastructure investments substantially, as well as expanding oil sector capacity.

The government also announced plans earlier this month to increase infrastructure spending by 586 billion during 2009 and 2010.

The government s initial policies aimed at raising aggregate demand focused on major infrastructure spending, including roads and mass transit.

Focusing on agriculture, health, infrastructure and environment, the study recommends streamlining and reorienting government spending on Chernobyl related efforts.

Healthcare expenditures comprise only 0.6 of private health insurance and public spending.

In Pakistan both the public and private spending on health is low.

Japanese consumers knew that increases in public spending were temporary, so they did not change their spending habits, rendering the policy ineffectual.

This assumes Ricardian equivalence debt financed public spending at least partly crowds out private spending through its impact on expectations and confidence.

Much of the public infrastructure within Australia is at the state level.

The GCC countries new spending packages are likely to perpetuate public sector hypertrophy.

The main beneficiaries of public spending are the poor and the middle class.

Politicians operating on short electoral cycles inevitably target public spending at potential supporters.

In fact, more infrastructure investment would actually make most sense in Germany, where infrastructure spending has been anemic (only 1.6 of GDP, or half the rate of Spain) for almost a decade.