Cut public sector spending directly, while creating incentives to induce lower private sector expenditure.

Or public spending all European leaders adamantly want to reduce government spending.

Buchanan predicted that, by hiding the full costs, the ability to finance public spending through deficits would lead to higher spending and lower taxes at the expense of future generations, whose members were not directly represented in current voting.

a massive direct government fiscal stimulus that includes public works, infrastructure spending, unemployment benefits, tax rebates to lower income households, and provision of grants to cash strapped local governments

While French public spending which stood at 56 of GDP in 2011 is at or above Scandinavian levels, French households pay lower tax rates on consumption and personal income.

They account for half of public spending.

Lower government spending, together with tight monetary policy, are contributing to greater price stability.

Lower share prices will now have negative effects on consumer spending and business investment.

Public sector spending amounts to 53 of the GDP.

And, at some point, when public debt has become too large to allow continued deficit spending, or when interest rates are close to their zero lower bound, the system runs out of solutions.

This in turn had made it possible to increase recurrent public spending in public services.

First, spending on high return public investments should be increased.

Public support for spending cuts is also difficult to win.

There is little waste to cut from domestic spending, and many areas where increases in public spending are needed.

Spending, especially on investments in education, technology, and infrastructure, can actually lead to lower long term deficits.

Increased public sector wage costs mean increased government spending on wages.

However, spending on infrastructure wins more public support and creates fewer protests.

Healthcare expenditures comprise only 0.6 of private health insurance and public spending.

In Pakistan both the public and private spending on health is low.

Japanese consumers knew that increases in public spending were temporary, so they did not change their spending habits, rendering the policy ineffectual.

This assumes Ricardian equivalence debt financed public spending at least partly crowds out private spending through its impact on expectations and confidence.

Second, expectations of the fiscal cliff automatic tax increases and spending cuts set for the end of this year will keep spending and growth lower through the second half of 2012.

The documents that the Special Rapporteur consulted also show that public spending on education for indigenous children is generally lower than for other sectors of the population, that teachers of indigenous children tend to receive lower pay and incentives than do other teachers and that their level of preparation is also below average.

The GCC countries new spending packages are likely to perpetuate public sector hypertrophy.

The main beneficiaries of public spending are the poor and the middle class.

Politicians operating on short electoral cycles inevitably target public spending at potential supporters.

But it is not on the horizon yet, which means that there would be no positive private spending response to buffer public spending cuts.

Lawmakers also should consider providing public investors with a say over political spending decisions.

China successfully navigated the crisis, avoiding a significant slowdown, by ramping up public spending.

Buchanan argued tirelessly for lower government spending, balanced budgets (even a balanced budget amendment to the US Constitution), and streamlined regulation.

As a result, the central bank s lower interest rates do not translate into increased spending on interest sensitive investment and consumption.

A spike in long term rates would lower the price of JGBs, destroying household wealth and, in turn, reducing consumer spending.

Unlike in the US, where federal public spending grew as a consequence of the creation of new expenditure programs throughout the twentieth century, public spending was already high at the national level when Europe began to integrate.

Fiscal consolidation means less public spending. And less spending means less upward pressure on prices which is the last thing Europe needs in a deflationary environment.

At the same time, public spending acts as a brake on overall spending, and prevents the rapid cost escalation to which America s private insurance companies contribute.

Indeed, the lower marginal rate ought to be made permanent, but accompanied by spending control, with broader tax reform to come later.

What turned the country around, he claims, was labor market liberalization and restrained public spending.

Government spending remains large enough to guarantee reasonable public services and a social safety net.

Meanwhile, higher public spending on capital investment and other special procurements will boost domestic demand.

Recently, the European Central Bank reiterated its position that serious fiscal consolidation would generate enough increase in private sector confidence that gains in spending by households and businesses would more than offset lower spending by governments.

The only counterargument is that slower fiscal adjustment would further reduce confidence and thereby defeat the purpose by resulting in lower private spending.

With housing being such a critical driver of consumer behavior, any further substantial fall in home prices will sap confidence and lower spending.

By contrast, the central bank could lower interest rates rapidly, which worked to raise household and business spending through a variety of channels.

And one of the first victims of difficult economic times, I think, is public spending of any kind, but certainly in the firing line at the moment is public spending for science, and particularly curiosity led science and exploration.

He and his finance minister, Gordon Brown, stuck to their predecessors public spending plans, for example.