Competition authorities and sector regulators can coexist under various conditions.

There seem to be good reasons for organizing regulators as general rather than sector specific agencies (moreover, some of the difference in performance expected from competition agencies and regulators would likely disappear if the regulator were general instead of being sector specific in nature).

The Memoranda of Agreement between the Competition Authority of South Africa and sector regulators can be viewed at www.compcom.co.za.

If China s regulators issue the right licenses, the financial sector will play a key role in nurturing and sustaining the consumer society of tomorrow.

BARCELONA Central bankers and regulators tend to worry that too much competition in the financial sector increases instability and the risk of systemic failure.

This paper examines the various frameworks under which competition authorities and sector regulators are coexisting in order to glean best practices from various countries' experiences.

Financial Regulators Fine Mess

Financial Regulators Global Variety Show

According to OECD analysis of the various frameworks in place in OECD member States, there is no ideal type for the division of labour between sector regulators and competition authorities.

This poses real challenges for regulators.

Households, politicians, and regulators were also complicit.

In a few countries, private sector participation in electricity companies, coupled with new independent regulators, has resulted in greater and more efficient power generation and higher employment, while doubling the number of subscribers.

Although global standards supposedly reflect the principles of proportionality, they provide insufficient guidance for the national regulators, banking institutions, and financial sector assessors who are trying to apply them effectively in diverse environments.

Colleges of regulators, the supposed solution, are inadequate.

But what structures should regulators seek to encourage?

There was also bureaucratic resistance from existing regulators.

Regulators are typically not subject to those temptations.

Regulators may also have to revive old tools.

Certainly, the trend toward full service single regulators outside the central bank has slowed to a crawl (though Indonesia is consolidating regulators at present).

It remained entirely outside the purview of the regulators.

The regulators acquiesce because, simply put, they are afraid.

Regulators proved unable to forecast and prevent the crisis.

Regulators generally turned a blind eye to these suspicions.

But there is a risk for regulators and central banks.

The regulators called his bluff and forced him to resign.

But our regulators and politicians also suffered from intellectual capture.

Both regulators and clinicians who run trials have been criticized.

This is the point that the well intentioned regulators miss.

Fortunately, however, these shortcomings can be overcome. Regulators and Internet financiers can look to traditional bank lending to individuals and SMEs as they devise new measures to minimize risk and lock up bottom lines in the P2P lending sector.

We cannot merely rely on regulators to do the right thing.

That has been a grave lesson for regulators and central banks.

Regulators should insist that traded derivatives are homogenous, standardized, and transparent.

To enforce the statute, regulators periodically examine banks for CRA compliance.

So the mutual fund industry had the regulators all to itself.

Bankers everywhere will rush to read it before their regulators do.

Source Adapted from OECD, Relationship between regulators and competition authorities, 1999.

Some, such as vitamin D, have hormone like functions as regulators of mineral metabolism, or regulators of cell and tissue growth and differentiation (such as some forms of vitamin A).

Regulators have struggled with the problem for years without finding a solution.

As long as they manage their risks properly, regulators should be happy.

Moreover, only the regulators can examine the dossiers, which are highly confidential.

They established the system of ideas that bankers, politicians, and regulators applied.

In 1996, inconclusive clinical trials led US regulators to reject the drug.

Regulators have been wrestling with this problem for years, without conspicuous success.

The economic significance of new financial products is likely to grow more rapidly as foreign banks enter the market. If China s regulators issue the right licenses, the financial sector will play a key role in nurturing and sustaining the consumer society of tomorrow.

It remains uncertain, of course, whether the regulators would actually take such steps.