That said, the ratio of capital formation does require careful monitoring.

The best known tools for this are margin requirements and minimum capital requirements.

At a minimum, proprietary trading ought to be financed by banks own capital.

At a minimum, that would mean reducing the deficit to a level that stops the rise in the debt to GDP ratio.

For example, audit, entry and annual fees, tax on business profit, prudential requirements such as minimum capital, bank guarantee and minimum managerial experience as required in some States.

This is reflected in the current investment ratio for real capital assets of 43 of GDP, compared to 4.3 investment in human capital in the form of education.

Also driving China s high investment rate is the declining efficiency of investment capital, reflected in China s high incremental capital output ratio (annual investment divided by annual output growth).

The capital requirements attached to that subsidiary would be more burdensome, with minimum Tier One capital set at 10 , compared to the new Basel 3 standard of 7 .

Because of the capital utilization effect, the capital labor ratio would not, in fact, decline, and hence there would be no significant effect on the marginal productivity of hours worked.

Loan or bond covenants often require borrowers to agree to maintain a minimum level of equity capital or cash on hand.

There are some international agreements, notably the Basel Accords on minimum capital requirements and there is also good cooperation among market regulators.

The proposed Basel III regulations set wholly insufficient minimum capital requirements and maintain a failed approach to adjusting the requirements to risk.

Some fear that extending the workday will not produce more jobs because the resulting expansion of hours worked will reduce the capital labor ratio.

Regarding the banking sector, stress tests have been applied since 2004, and a target capital adequacy ratio of 12 has been maintained since 2006.

In order to eradicate moral hazard, the system must have a resolution procedure to close banks when their capital falls below a minimum threshold.

First, capital requirements should be set as a straightforward ratio of common equity to total assets, thereby abandoning all reference to banks own risk management models.

They calculated that 75 to 80 of economic growth did not come from increasing the capital output ratio at least not if the private marginal product of capital was taken as an indicator of the social marginal product.

Mutual and other private sector funds require minimum terms for investments, and such mandatory lock up periods should be applied to capital inflows as well.

Today, capital in the developed world is abundant the saving ratio declines as people consume more and production shifts increasingly to services, where productivity gains are limited.

Overall pressure ratio is 28.0, with a bypass ratio of 4.66.

Overall pressure ratio is 30.4, with a bypass ratio of 5.15.

(c) As the balance of payments deteriorated, especially after interruptions of capital inflows and sometimes massive flights of capital, the national currency was sharply devalued. This sharp devaluation increased further the cost of debt servicing and the debt to GDP ratio.

Aspect ratio

Aspect ratio

Keep ratio

Aspect ratio

Golden Ratio

Custom ratio

The ratio of the two is called the gyromagnetic ratio and is simply the half of the charge to mass ratio.

The ratio of market value to book value, termed Tobin s Q by financial economists, is a standard measure for evaluating how effectively firms use the capital they have.

At a minimum, a short term growth slowdown is nearly certain some wonder whether the destabilizing impact of capital flow reversals will have longer term adverse effects.

These trends imply an increased probability that the market is underestimating risk, so systemic risk regulators should raise minimum capital requirements as soon as they spot them.

Haiti is a country with a per capital gross national product of 415, whose inhabitants lack the basic resources necessary for survival with a minimum of dignity.

Minimum ages Countries are free to specify a minimum age for labour, with a minimum of 15 years.

So a country where labor productivity is low will become an attractive location for foreign direct investment, and the resulting increase in the capital labor ratio will raise productivity.

Preserve Aspect Ratio

Aspect Ratio Crop...

Aspect Ratio Crop

Maternal mortality ratio

Faced with the difficulty of meeting their 9 capital ratio requirement, they will achieve the target by selling assets and contracting credit not exactly an ideal scenario for economic recovery.

Minimum increment

Minimum value

Minimum Punishments

At a minimum, the new measures are an important step toward improved management of cross border capital flows, which is bound to benefit China s economic transformation and restructuring significantly.

The Advisory Committee was informed that the minimum amount that would be required for the capital master plan in 2006, irrespective of which strategy is chosen, is 102.7 million.