The GVH has applied its leniency policy to the matter.

After the investigation, prompted by news reports of the price increase, was underway, a fifth airline applied to the Commission for leniency under the Commission's Corporate Leniency Policy.

Those crimes also continued to go unpunished under the occupying Power's undeclared policy of leniency towards them, which had encouraged further attacks.

Begin to establish a leniency programme.

Apparently, few resulted from a leniency programme.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of leniency programmes

Leniency Programmes to Fight Hard Core Cartels (2001)

When this credibility is established, properly structured leniency programme will succeed.

A second specialized investigative tool in cartel cases is the leniency programme.

A properly structured leniency programme should have at least the following elements

In recent years, a key obstacle to enhanced cooperation on enforcement against international cartels area has arisen from the confidentiality that is accorded under national leniency programmes to information from leniency applications.

At a time when democracy and democratization have become the watchwords of US foreign policy, normalization of diplomatic relations with Gaddafi s Libya, not to mention leniency towards Egypt and Saudi Arabia hardly boosts America s credibility.

Anna s children demand that the plea bargain be voided and he be judged without leniency.

A critical component of any successful leniency programme is the credible threat of severe sanctions.

The representative of the United States Federal Trade Commission commented that, although a leniency programme had proved the most effective investigatory tool in cartel prosecution, the United States had prosecuted cartels successfully before it introduced a leniency programme.

A dawn raid and the cooperation of one conspirator through a leniency programme produced the incriminating evidence.

One cannot expect the mere creation of a leniency programme to produce immediate results for the agency.

This case is a good example of the use of a leniency programme when dealing with cartel cases.

Once the credibility of the authority had been established, a leniency programme could be a very effective tool.

But extending that leniency to human germline genetic modification may well cause future generations to view their actions very differently.

The competition agency should maintain strict confidentiality regarding the fact of a leniency application and the identity of the applicant.

In conclusion, the representatives of the JFTC enquired whether a competition authority could successfully pursue cartel investigations without a leniency programme.

(j) Leniency measures taken by the Government of the Sudan, which led to the release of a large number of imprisoned women

So Wang can expect no leniency at his trial, which will most likely end with a commuted death sentence and forced labor.

Only then will there be sufficient incentive for cartel operators to break ranks and cooperate with the authorities under a leniency programme.

More and more countries are enforcing competition laws more rigorously and also adopting tactics such as the introduction of leniency programmes and dawn raids.

She also expressed concern about the apparent leniency of penalties for extremely serious offences such as trafficking, the sexual abuse of minors and incest.

A leniency programme can be a powerful anti cartel weapon, but, as is discussed below, experience has shown that it is seldom effective right away.

The (relatively few) countries whose leniency programmes are flourishing consider this tool to be the most effective in their arsenal, even more effective than dawn raids.

Ms. Cinar (Turkey) said that, as part of the legal reform exercise, leniency provisions for custom or honour killings, which were essentially synonymous, had been abolished.

Denouncing himself in order to gain leniency in a case that he portrayed as a grievous miscarriage of justice would have made him look like a coward.

Some would say that no other cartel member should receive any leniency, in order to create the greatest possible incentive to be the first in the door .

He might even offer some symbolic gestures, such as dissociating himself from objectionable political and media figures, or showing leniency towards those he has imprisoned for opposing him.

It was the ultimate proof that the Bush administration does not believe in universal norms. A good country would be treated with extreme leniency, whereas a bad country would not.

In most countries, certainly including those in which an effective leniency programme has not yet taken hold, the dawn raid is the most effective investigative tool in the investigator's toolkit.

Chirac is not about to present himself as a candidate to divide the conservative camp, and the new leniency surrounding his record may actually benefit Sarkozy, his impatient and rebellious heir.

Ms. Akşit (Turkey) said that her country's efforts to suppress honour and custom killings were reflected in the abolition of leniency and the severe penalty life imprisonment prescribed by the Penal Code.

There was consensus that no leniency and flexibility towards the use of force is acceptable, as ambiguity creates flexibility of interpretation and provides a justification for multiple interpretations, and consequently justification for unilateral action.

Call them fiscal policy, credit policy, monetary policy, and inflation.

Some countries do offer some leniency to second or third applicants, but there should be a wide gap between the first and subsequent applicants, in order to preserve the strong incentive to be the first.

Certainly some countries new to anti cartel enforcement do not yet have a formal leniency programme in place but, for the reasons discussed above, it seems that even those that do are unlikely to benefit immediately.

Countries with provisions dealing with any form of cartelization should consider introducing leniency programmes as part of their regulations, while those in the process of drafting competition laws may consider developing a programme with initial implementation regulations.

The various themes of the framework included trade policy, competition policy, investment policy, tax policy, corporate governance, public governance, infrastructure development and human resources development.

Copts marched in the streets of Alexandria for the next three days, protesting the security authorities leniency toward the culprits, the scapegoating of their community, or even an official hand in the attacks to justify an extension of the Emergency Law.

While no leniency should be shown for crimes perpetrated on innocent children, we need to see in perspective the fact that many children responsible for reprehensible crimes have often been manipulated by unscrupulous adults to take part in armed conflicts.