Managers can demand higher and higher returns in the upturn.

And, like investors, they seek ever higher returns.

As expected, population returns slowed considerably during the rainy season.

But if markets are working well, then returns will be higher only because risk is higher.

Banks geared up dramatically, in a competitive race to generate higher returns.

Lower than expected growth and higher than expected inflation have affected most economies.

On the private supply side, higher returns have not called forth more investment in people.

Witness the surge in capital flows to emerging markets as investors chase higher financial returns.

First, short term speculators seeking higher returns, or investors overanxious for safety, drive a currency's value to unsustainable levels.

Now that the global economy is recovering, other assets equities or even revived real estate thus provide higher returns.

Recent World Bank poverty recalculations are expected to raise the number even higher.

But there is also a higher risk of disaster, owing to a seemingly inborn human tendency to extrapolate past returns.

The CRC Breeze portfolio generates expected annual returns of about 8 , which were boosted to 15 with the help of leverage.

Banks geared up dramatically, in a competitive race to generate higher returns. Haldane describes this as resorting to the roulette wheel.

In fact, in the single minded quest for higher returns, bankers might expose shareholders to excessive risk, without compensating them adequately.

Why was this 20 year experience so unusual, with returns so much higher than at any time in the last century?

Some economists point to imperfect information, which precludes companies from considering the higher returns on investment available in the developing world.

Overall, other resources (emergency) contributions are expected to be 110 per cent higher in 2005.

Astronomy Any region of space with higher than expected mass density will produce a gravity anomaly.

Bolder pensioners, desperate to generate higher returns, may take undue risks for example, investing in junk bonds that could jeopardize their nest eggs.

Their admittedly crude analysis shows why, if volatility continues to fall in 2007, prices of stocks and other assets can still go a lot higher. They asked how investors would price stocks if they expected historical average returns to continue, while also deciding that the risk was essentially zero.

One can think of periodic systemic risk as an inherent tendency toward reversion to the mean short and medium term returns can deviate considerably and for extended periods from the expected long run returns associated with various investment strategies and capabilities.

This is true even for investors who ultimately decide that strategies aimed at generating higher normal and post shock average returns are worth it.

The lesson is that booms have to be managed adeptly, and that financiers have to be supervised in their pursuit of ever higher returns.

For a pension fund, the choice of strategic asset allocation is the most important factor in determining both expected returns and risk, typically contributing 85 per cent or more of returns (an index tracking implementation raises this to nearly 100 per cent).

Managers take more risks in search of higher returns to justify their pay, which at some point will lead to risk mispricing, and a crisis.

Projected income is at a higher level than in the previous biennium, since investment returns are predicted to be more favourable than in 2004 2005.

The euro is at record levels, oil prices are surging and interest rates are expected to go higher.

A higher rate of expected inflation would also cause the total nominal rate to be greater than 5 .

Central banks respond to lowered demand by reducing interest rates and to higher expected inflation by raising interest rates.

Returns

Finally, high finance allows for portfolio diversification, so that individual investors can seek high expected returns without being forced to assume large, idiosyncratic risks of bankruptcy and poverty.

Thaksin Returns

First, China has an understandable interest in diversifying its substantial holdings of foreign exchange reserves away from low yielding US Treasuries to real productive assets with higher returns.

So the crisis might not have reached the scale that it did without financial institutions of all types leveraging themselves to the hilt in pursuit of higher returns.

The International Olive Council shall undertake the necessary studies on the economic returns which can be expected from the application of the results of the research and development programmes.

But, there are reasons to believe that higher interest rates, even though expected, can have a negative impact on home prices.

Returns from land use projects, for example, could also include the potential to create more sustainable rural livelihoods, enable higher and more resilient agricultural yields, and generate rural employment.

Because of low interest rates in the United States, major financial institutions can borrow cheaply in dollars and then chase much higher returns in the major emerging market countries.

Faster growth and returns on public investment yield higher tax revenues, and a 5 to 6 return is more than enough to offset temporary increases in the national debt.

So savers did what one would expect seek higher risk adjusted returns in emerging economies, causing increases in credit and fueling upward pressure on exchange rates and asset prices.

While the Provisional Institutions have made progress in support of technical preparations for returns and returns to municipalities, and remain the leading funder of returns, efforts to revitalize the returns process have been lacking.

The policy of extremely low long term rates is now doing more harm than good by driving lenders and investors to take inappropriate risks in order to achieve higher returns.

Privatization advocates insist, however, that investments in stocks would yield sufficiently higher returns to provide individuals the same retirement income as before, with the surplus used to fill the gap.

While for profit providers have higher administrative costs and larger executive salaries, their main burden relative to not for profit provision is the need to generate returns for their shareholders.