This capital is typically provided through equity flotation on securities markets and through venture capital firms and DFIs.

(d) Strengthen local capital markets, including new or expanded stock exchanges and specialized financial institutions, providing equity and loan capital to small and medium size enterprises

Unemployment up. Housing values down. Equity markets down.

These risks are already exacerbating the economic slowdown equity markets are falling everywhere, leading to negative wealth effects on consumption and capital spending.

Europe s Chimerical Capital Markets Union

Equity markets were subjected to disclosure and transparency requirements.

Domestic capital markets were non existent.

Banks often oppose higher equity asset ratios, because equity capital is more expensive than debt capital. But this is precisely because of the lemon effect.

That was strictly a capital markets phenomena.

The equity capital of banks urgently needs to be substantially increased.

Higher equity capital requirements, for example, require banks to fund themselves with relatively more equity and relatively less debt.

Financial markets did well through capital market liberalization.

This has led to heightened volatility in equity, money, and debt markets.

The financing can be in the form of commercial bank loans, capital provided through the equity markets, or any one of a number of new and innovative financing schemes.

Spanish banks have 7 equity capital on average on their balance sheets.

a. avoid destabilising capital flows to maximise benefits from globalised capital markets, thereby minimising risk

And equity capital requirements for large, systemically important financial institutions remain too low.

Using bank credits to speculate in equity and housing markets is still mostly forbidden.

The investment officer who covers the Japanese and Australian equity markets would become responsible for all developed Asian markets, with coverage expanded to Singapore and Hong Kong which are at present covered by the investment officer in charge of the emerging equity markets.

International capital markets already have curtailed credit to these countries.

(ii) Access to capital markets and other sources of financing

Meanwhile, the ECB has announced that it will have to double its equity capital.

It reflects primarily a revival of confidence of capital markets in these economies, especially in Latin America, but is also partly explained by deregulation of capital markets.

The SOEs compete in product and labor markets with the private sector, but less so in capital markets.

The banking system remains unhealthy and fragile capital markets are dying.

The notion that capital markets could self regulate was decisively rejected.

Confidence returned, capital flight from Latin America was reversed, and capital markets became willing to provide financing again.

Typically there is an even greater shortage of venture and equity capital for new enterprises.

In the US, reviving the credit markets requires stopping the mortgage defaults driven by negative equity.

Equity and bond markets in the developing world remain relatively illiquid, even after the long boom.

The liberalization of financial markets has made it easier for larger SMEs to gain access to international capital markets.

American officials countered that the financial inflows reflected Europe s underdeveloped capital markets.

Some speakers noted the importance of developing private capital markets in Africa.

quot (i) Appropriate development of capital markets, according to level of development

I want to talk about it from the perspective of capital markets.

Equity capital will increase relative to assets but, under current policies, it will increase because banks reduce their assets, not because they raise capital.

55. For firms over a certain size, sources of external equity and venture capital are critical.

Nevertheless, private equity continues to be a large and active asset class and the private equity firms, with hundreds of billions of dollars of committed capital from investors are looking to deploy capital in new and different transactions.

This form of financing is often used by private equity investors to reduce the amount of equity capital required to finance a leveraged buyout or major expansion.

More specifically, exchange rates such as the Australian dollar yen became strongly correlated with global equity markets.

Little wonder, then, that we are now witnessing a significant correction in equity, credit, and commodities markets.

Currently, the investment section has six investment officers who cover global equity markets and fixed income investments.

Rather, the banking system is at the brink of insolvency, with a permanent loss in equity capital.

This would be the case as long as the banks losses remained smaller than their equity capital.

Emerging markets should cope with inflows by finding ways to use foreign capital more effectively, which involves strengthening domestic financial markets.