The analysis shows how all major economic sectors including many energy intensive industries will grow. For example, energy efficient buildings are a boon to the cement and chemical industries.

Cheap energy provides a powerful incentive for energy intensive industries from steel and glass to chemicals and pharmaceuticals to locate in the US.

Coal is cheap and widely available in China, which is important as the country scrambles for energy resources to keep its many energy intensive industries running.

But encouraging labor intensive industries, which create jobs for the poor, must not be at the expense of capital intensive industries.

This has led energy intensive European industries including producers of glass, steel, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals to invest heavily in the US.

Labor intensive industries were especially hard hit.

Moreover, as oil consuming countries aim for energy independence, producing countries will try to shield themselves by building energy intensive industries so they can export oil embedded in industrial products.

Labor intensive industries in the tradable sector must be allowed to decline.

The rhetoric of energy independence in the oil consuming countries makes the situation even worse the oil producing countries are building energy intensive industries to guarantee a market for their oil once consuming nations wean themselves of imported oil.

Some in Europe worry that stringent action on global warming may be counterproductive energy intensive industries may simply move to the US or other countries that pay little attention to emissions.

These adverse conditions have inadvertently propelled a long delayed restructuring of China s labor intensive industries.

They actively promote carbon intensive energy and deter green investment.

Now, it is laying the groundwork to become a global power in more sophisticated, technology intensive industries.

Programme Component C.8 Energy and Environment in Agro Industries

US oil demand has fallen 8 as consumers tighten their belts, and electricity demand in China is down by 10 as energy intensive industries cut production. A smart response to the crisis can perpetuate these trends.

The city is also seeking less energy intensive designs for new buildings.

Genes are difficult to maintain, requiring subtle and energy intensive correcting processes.

In a similar way, transportation can become less energy intensive without restricting mobility.

Mining and manufacturing metals is a costly, energy intensive, and, often, ecologically destructive process.

As a result, China s innovative capacity remains relatively low, with its high tech and knowledge intensive industries unable to compete globally.

Smelting copper ore, for example, is more than twice as energy intensive as recycling copper.

Even firms in established industries such as energy report facing great difficulties in raising capital.

Yet these five industries combined employ only 14 million people out of a total labor force of 770 million and fewer people than they did a decade ago. For a country in an employment crisis, investing in energy intensive industry is a losing strategy.

China uses coal, a particularly CO2 intensive fuel, for 70 of its commercial energy supply, while coal accounts for a third of America s total energy.

And green taxes such as on carbon emissions would shift consumption patterns while discouraging energy intensive exports.

Brazilian firms have been investing mostly in primary industries such as energy and mining, led by Petrobras in oil and energy (UNCTAD 2004a).

China wants to shift from low value added, labor intensive industries such as textiles to higher value added sectors such as electronics and capital goods.

More intensive use of Africa's energy resources will necessarily be a critical component of any realistic development strategy.

In the latter, on the contrary, liberalization has largely been triggered by the failure to establish efficient, competitive industries in labour and or skill intensive sectors.

Industries and activities such as fisheries, shipping, and seabed mining are all regulated separately. No governance framework is in place for emerging high seas industries such as energy production.

The spread of irrigated farming and water intensive industries, together with the demands of a rising middle class, have led to a severe struggle for more water.

And Chinese firms too often state owned are seeking greater investment opportunities abroad in major industries, particularly energy.

Most Russian OFDI has been in energy and mining related industries, including oil refining and oil and gas distribution.

Even though the pools of workers may be somewhat segmented, there is enough overlap that it forces service intensive industries to pay higher wages, at least in the long run.

(a) Formation of the Protection Guard of the Nuclear Energy Industries, Facilities, Properties and Documents of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, adopted by the Council of Ministers in 1975

Distortions in key prices that favor capital intensive manufacturing need to be removed by raising the cost of land, energy, water, and capital.

UNIDO projects in this field are directed at such energy intensive sectors as hand tools, ceramics, glass, cement, bricks, coking and metal castings.

Instead, under the new Plan, China will adopt a more labor intensive services model. It will, one hopes, provide a detailed blueprint for the development of large scale transactions intensive industries such as wholesale and retail trade, domestic transport and supply chain logistics, health care, and leisure and hospitality.

During the entire period, R D spending grew significantly faster than global output, reflecting both increasing government support and a rising share of technology intensive industries in global production and trade.

The signs of the fading miracle became visible when Japanese competitors and other Asian Tigers succeeded in wiping out substantial parts of Germany s labor intensive textile, optical products, and precision engineering industries.

The much discussed energy water food nexus applies to mineral resources and land use as well, forcing extractive industries to address it.

In fact, cheap energy in oil producing countries might make their new industries competitive with those in China, India, and Southeast Asia.

China s leaders are already eager to rein in energy and pollution intensive industry for reasons of national security, air and water quality, and simple economic efficiency.

They need to align the goal of avoiding dangerous climate change with disincentives for carbon intensive energy including taxes, carbon markets, and support for green alternatives.

From a climate change perspective, this is a world turned upside down for every 1 in support for renewable energy, another 6 promotes carbon intensive fuels.