The experience gained in the area of transitional justice reveals the increased need to coordinate all activities developed in conflict or post conflict situations.

You highlighted early warning, early action and conflict prevention as an area for further cooperation.

That important collaboration must be extended in the area of post conflict peacebuilding as well.

The effect of armed conflict on extradition treaties between belligerents is an unsettled area of law.

Things have also started to move in a third area the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.

That is an innovative mechanism, in which efforts to advance and promote women cut across every area of conflict prevention from the peace negotiation process to post conflict reconstruction.

The United Nations and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) sought to strengthen cooperation in the area of conflict prevention.

Key result area 3 centres on improving mechanisms to protect children from the impact of armed conflict and natural disasters.

As a result, the effect of armed conflict on treaties remains as problematic an area of law as ever before.

In the Protocol on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Abyei Area of 26 May 2004, the parties agreed to the administration and mechanism for a referendum in the Abyei area.

Through this focus area, UNICEF will also contribute to national capacities for emergency preparedness and support national efforts for conflict prevention.

The effect of armed conflict on treaties has remained an unsettled, unclear area of international law for at least a century.

This area had a reputation for being rebellious, having been the scene of eleven separate periods of armed conflict over the previous 40 years.

As a result of the ethnic conflict that broke out in the Ituri District in May 2003, many area residents were displaced and impoverished.

Just as the effect of armed conflict on treaties has always been a difficult and uncertain area of international law, so it remains today.

That body has the potential to improve dramatically the performance of the United Nations in the area of conflict prevention by assisting countries to make the transition to long term recovery and by preventing the relapse into conflict.

21. Underlines the experience of the Economic and Social Council in the area of post conflict peacebuilding and the success of its ad hoc advisory groups on countries emerging from conflict, and invites the Peacebuilding Commission to benefit from it

Can the EU in fact be able to emerge as a stabilizing political force in the most dangerous area of conflict within Europe s immediate geopolitical neighborhood?

Through the programme, UNDP is applying an area based development approach, which draws on experience from other parts of the world afflicted by conflict or crisis.

If the effect of armed conflict on treaties remains a vague area of international law, the effect of domestic hostilities on treaties is even more so.

Both Germany and Turkey maintained bilateral treaties with Afghanistan in the potentially incompatible area of air transport neither treaty makes provision for the outbreak of armed conflict.

Further steps are required for more concrete actions to deal with conflict prevention at both policy and programme levels and how to expand work in this area.

Significant efforts have been undertaken in this area since my last report to the Security Council on the protection of civilians in armed conflict (S 2004 431).

In particular, Iraq states that the various ecological services evaluated by Saudi Arabia in determining pre conflict and post conflict service levels, such as soil stabilization, vegetative diversity, vegetation density and presence of micro communities, are not appropriately represented by land area.

Finally, some opportunities emerged during 2004 in the area of United Nations system common services to support missions and country teams, particularly in post conflict and transition countries.

As a first step, the United Nations should be given a standing authority to send a fact finding mission to the area where a conflict has broken out.

At the same time, President Bush has charged us with strengthening our national capacity in this area through better coordination of our nation's post conflict and stabilization efforts.

We may never know the exact number of casualties during the last phase of the conflict, because the government did not allow international organizations or media into the area.

In December 2003, the Union adopted guidelines on children in armed conflict, following consultations with the Special Representative of the Secretary General, UNICEF and NGOs active in this area.

Another area in which an examination of IHL can prove useful to the general question of the effect of armed conflict on treaties is in the distinction between treaty violation, on the one hand, and the legal effect of armed conflict on treaties, on the other hand.

Women's role in conflict prevention, conflict resolution and post conflict reconstruction

Transferring that obligation to a supranational body may not only have direct effects in the area of territorial sovereignty, but may also conflict with the constitutional basis of some States.

The strategy of destroying the food supply of the civilian population in an area of conflict has been banned under Article 54 of Protocol I of the 1977 Geneva Conventions.

Key result area 4 aims to ensure that education is restored in emergency and post conflict situations, and to help to safeguard education systems against threats such as HIV AIDS.

The United States has demonstrated its commitment to the post conflict peacebuilding process, and we are working to further strengthen our capacity to contribute to international efforts in this area.

All MOTAPM minefields should be marked and fenced as early as possible after conflict so as to ensure the effective exclusion of civilians and humanitarian personnel and vehicles from the area.

Thus, although not as resilient as treaties creating a permanent regime or status, multilateral law making treaties creating rules governing a particular substantive area are moderately likely to withstand armed conflict.

But it remains an open question as to whether the EU will actually be able to stabilize the most fractured polity in the most dangerous area of conflict in Europe s immediate neighborhood.

What we urgently need is a development oriented international trade system, free of barriers, so that countries emerging from conflict are given fair opportunity to compete, especially in the area of agriculture.

In 1993, Spain suspended visa waiver treaties with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina while that area was embroiled in armed conflict.

Conflict resolution is a growing area of interest in UK pedagogy, with teachers and students both encouraged to learn about mechanisms that lead to aggressive action, and those that lead to peaceful resolution.

(d) Focus area 4. Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse Strengthening of country environments, capacities and responses to prevent and protect children from violence, exploitation, abuse, neglect and the effects of conflict

1197 (1998) Support for regional and subregional initiatives on Africa and strengthening of coordination between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in the area of conflict prevention and maintenance of peace

Conflict, post conflict reconstruction and the private sector

(g) Upgrading of all connectivity and data systems, including the local area network, wide area network, Storage Area Network, Remote Area Network and Internet connectivity