4.2 The State party contends that the communication does not present the minimum grounds requested in support of the complainants' allegation that their return to Mexico would constitute a violation of article 3 of the Convention.

6.4 With regard to the allegation of a violation of article 14, paragraph 3 (a), the Committee notes that the author was not found guilty of a different offence from the one he was charged with.

The Committee reiterates that the requirement that an author exhaust domestic remedies attaches to each allegation of an alleged violation of the Covenant, not simply to the decision of a court or tribunal unfavourable to an author.

As to the allegation of a violation of article 2, paragraphs 3 (a) and (b), the State party submits that the author has not demonstrated how it has refused to grant him access to an effective remedy.

4.2 As to the allegation of a violation of article 9, on the basis that the author's detention in Iran for nine months was unlawful, the State party submits that this detention and any alleged violation connected with it, did not take place within the jurisdiction of the Netherlands and is not therefore attributable to the State party.

Thirdly, independent evidence tends to corroborate the allegation of torture.

5.3 With regard to the author's allegation that the press and the public were excluded from his trial, in violation of article 14, paragraph 1, the Committee notes that the author did not raise this issue before the Supreme Court.

Others have quickly embraced and promoted Jibril s allegation.

See articles 12 14 in relation to an allegation of torture.

To support this allegation the source makes the following points

4.4 With reference to the author's allegation of a violation of his right to equality before the courts under article 14, paragraph 1, the State party contends that the circumstances of the case of rape of a minor, referred to by the author, were completely different from those of the author's.

However the allegation that polonium was used was a new detail.

As such, the allegation of torture is inadmissible for failure to exhaust domestic remedies.

A general allegation for application of the agreement in respect of certain employees is not enough.

The Committee wishes to remind the State party of its obligation to respect the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, to immediately investigate any allegation of violation, to initiate proceedings against those presumed responsible, to establish efficient mechanisms to provide reparations to the victims for the harm suffered.

After all, motive and context are legitimate questions in any serious criminal allegation.

The Armenian allegation about a blockade had no legal basis and was untrue.

The Working Group notes that the Government did not comment on this allegation.

Those measures constitute a violation of Cuba's sovereignty and a massive violation of the rights of its people.

The government reiterates its firm condemnation of torture and recognises its responsibility to investigate any reasonable allegation.

The Committee takes note of the complainant's allegation that his treatment constituted torture within the meaning of the Convention.

It was kind of along these lines, and the allegation was that I have, quote, affection for terrorists.

This allegation is based on the fact that foreign inspectors have carried out inspections of the Alpha Serengeti.

One allegation, made recently by a well known French publicist, is that the arrest was typical of American puritanism.

This allegation of the source is corroborated by the Working Group's own findings reached during its visit in Belarus.

No violation was found.

His clear implication is that fraud was committed at Barclays a serious allegation from Britain s finance minister.

The maximum penalty for violation of the comprehensive prohibition of weapons of mass destruction is imprisonment for 10 years and a fine of 5 million Swiss francs. Attempted violation and participation in a violation are also punishable by law.

In the case of a violation, the treaty body requests the State party to take appropriate steps to remedy the violation.

Control over the infliction of the alleged violation

Case studies on the violation of women's rights

Once a person has established an allegation of discrimination the burden of proof shifts to the person who is suspected of discriminatory activities.

During the period under review, one allegation was received but was found to be unsubstantiated following an investigation.

4.3 The State party rejects the allegation that the author was unable to cross examine witnesses in court.

The State party thus argues that the allegation of ill treatment on that date has been effectively refuted by its Ambassador's observations.

This talk is like a violation of the truce.

The State party has neither contested this allegation nor given any justification for arresting the author without a warrant.

Similarly, there has been no denial of the allegation that evidence found in the home of the accused had been planted there hours earlier.

The Commission considered that the allegation related to the lack of impartiality was not raised in the appeal (cassation) to the Supreme Court.

8.5 In light of a finding of a violation of article 9, the Committee need not consider whether there was also a violation of article 14 of the Covenant.

This violation is separate from and additional to the violation of article 6 established by the Committee on the basis of the mandatory nature of the death sentence.

The Conference concludes that any NPT party withdrawing from the Treaty prior to remedying a violation of the Treaty should remain accountable for that violation.

Procedural issues Substantiation of the alleged violation exhaustion of domestic remedies

This is a flagrant violation of the rights of the individual.

It shifts the burden of proof to the party accused of discrimination, thus strengthening the position, in civil law proceedings, of the person making the allegation.