Criminalization of participation in an organized criminal group

(c) It is committed in one State but involves an organized criminal group that engages in criminal activities in more than one State or

(ii) Links, including international links, with other organized criminal groups

This condition meant that section 162 c required the involvement of an organized criminal group

Criminalization of participation in an organized criminal group (art. 5, para.

(b) The information is used as sufficient proof for investigating another criminal organization or members of such an organization.

Azerbaijan stated that its domestic law required involvement of an organized criminal group for purposes of the offences established in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i), and covered all serious crimes involving organized criminal groups.

where the offence is transnational in nature and involves an organized criminal group.

The idea was principally to study how to implement the criminalization provisions relating to laundering the proceeds of crime, corruption and participation in organized criminal gangs.

She was later charged with possession of false administrative documents and participation in a criminal association and was immediately imprisoned.

Such purposes, it should be noted, makes it possible to establish a link between participation in an organized criminal group and terrorism.

The provision only applied to an agreement concerning acts that were committed as a step in the activity of an organized criminal group .

(a) Section 162 c of the Norwegian Penal Code required that the agreement had some link with the criminal activity of an organized criminal group.

1. Each State Party shall take appropriate measures to encourage persons who participate or who have participated in organized criminal groups

Two persons acting together to commit a crime falling under the purview of the Ordinance are sufficient to qualify as an organized criminal group thus meriting stricter punishment.

In case it is revealed that officials of the given legal organization have assisted or are members of a criminal organized group, they will be subject to criminal liability together with other members according to the degree of crimes committed by them.

(ii) Conduct by a person who, with knowledge of either the aim and general criminal activity of an organized criminal group or its intention to commit the crimes in question, takes an active part in

1. Vigorously condemns and rejects once again the practice of kidnapping, under any circumstances and for any purpose, especially when it is carried out by organized criminal groups and terrorist groups

Chile stated that under its legal system involvement of an organized criminal group was required for purposes of the offences established in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i).

Austria stated that its domestic law did not require involvement of an organized criminal group for purposes of the offences established in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i).

(b) Organizing, directing, aiding, abetting, facilitating or counselling the commission of serious crime involving an organized criminal group.

The Penal Code of Burkina Faso accordingly criminalized the existence of an organized criminal group as a separate offence, before the commission of any act that was the subject of the agreement.

In addition, the draft also includes provisions for the aggravation of the penalty of the offender should the predicated crime be committed by an international criminal organization.

CSIS is responsible for investigating incidents posing a threat to national security. RCMP is responsible for investigating any criminal or potentially criminal cyberincidents.

Belgium stated that its law criminalized participation in an organized criminal group on the basis of paragraph 1 (a) (ii), not paragraph 1 (a) (i) of article 5.

Protection of individuals a measure has been put in place to protect the physical integrity and security of individuals who opt, during pretrial investigations, before, in the course of and after the trial, to assist the authorities in the investigation of any criminal organization and or in the prosecution of any member of organized crime.

In 2004, Virgin Islands officials acknowledged publicly, for the first time, the existence of a crime organization called The Commission , which is believed to be responsible for various shootings and homicides.57

It was established by legislation introduced to address a growing problem of money laundering by organized criminal groups, and amended in 2002 to deal with the suppression of terrorism financing.

(a) Embarkation and destination points, as well as routes, carriers and means of transportation, known to be or suspected of being used by an organized criminal group engaged in conduct set forth in article 6 of this Protocol

Lesotho stated that the legal system pertaining in Lesotho required involvement of an organized criminal group for purposes of the offences established in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i), and required an act in furtherance of an agreement for purposes of the offences established in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i).

The move was made in an effort to seize material evidence about the nexus between Sumo wrestling and the Yakuza, Japan s Mafia like organized crime groups that date from the seventeenth century.

Burkina Faso stated that, in the positive law of Burkina Faso, the applicable Penal Code (Act 43 96 ADP of 13 November 1996) criminalized an organized criminal group.

Mexico stated that, in criminalizing the offences defined in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i), the domestic law of the Mexican State covered all serious crimes involving the participation of an organized criminal group.

Organized criminal groups involved in the clandestine movement of arms shipments from source to recipient have consistently circumvented customs and police authorities of various States responsible for interdicting illegal arms shipments.

55 63. Combating the criminal misuse of information technologies

56 121. Combating the criminal misuse of information technologies

41, of the Code) covered all serious crimes involving organized criminal groups provided for article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i).

Organized networks of traders, smugglers and transnational criminal groups continue to be used by the recipients of the arms shipments to clandestinely facilitate the movements of the arms from their sources outside Somalia into and around the country.

Noting the necessity of preventing the criminal misuse of information technologies,

Vicious mafias smuggle them across borders with reckless disregard for their lives.

To West, Stalin had a criminal mentality that Communism facilitated.

Reference was made to provisions of national penal codes and other domestic legislation establishing as criminal offences participation in an organized criminal group, laundering of the proceeds of crime, corruption and obstruction of justice, and explanations were provided of the specific elements of such offences in domestic provisions.

Following the dissolution of the country, there was a dangerous mix of State sanctioned violence, the use of security services, the involvement of organized criminal groups and the financing of conflict by ethnic diasporas, which facilitated a devastating set of conflicts.

Chile also stated that its legislation covered all serious crimes involving organized criminal groups and did not require an act in furtherance of the agreement for purposes of the offences established in accordance with article 5, paragraph 1 (a) (i).

It should also be pointed out that the Penal Code allowed for the extension of the prosecution of members of an organized group to persons outside the group who had participated in the commission of an offence by the group, as associates or accomplices (arts.