Women have also been made aware of gender based violence.

To counter gender based violence, the Inter Agency Standing Committee adopted, in January 2005, a statement of commitment on action to prevent gender based violence, ensure appropriate care for survivors and work towards holding perpetrators accountable.

4.2 Effectiveness of campaigns to prevent, monitor and reduce gender based violence

However it is debatable whether these measures cover all forms of gender based violence .

Note that gender based violence, including domestic violence, plays a particularly insidious role in teaching and perpetuating a culture of violence.

Rampant sexual and gender based violence remain a reality in a number of contexts.

Gender based violence is an indicator of the status of women in any given society.

Note that gender based violence, including domestic violence, plays a particularly insidious role in teaching and perpetuating a culture of violence.

4.3 Effectiveness of national institutions to prevent, monitor and reduce gender based violence

(a) To take special measures to protect women and girls from gender based violence, in particular rape and other forms of sexual violence

9.2 The Committee recalls its general recommendation No. 19 on violence against women, which states that T he definition of discrimination includes gender based violence and that G ender based violence may breach specific provisions of the Convention, regardless of whether those provisions expressly mention violence .

UNHCR is increasing the number of women in leadership positions within camp committees to improve prevention of gender based violence.

Mental Health Gender Based Violence

One area where cooperation could go a long way is combating gender based violence.

18. Urges all Member States to take effective measures to address gender based violence in humanitarian emergencies, and to make all possible efforts to ensure that their laws and institutions are adequate to prevent, promptly investigate and prosecute acts of gender based violence

4.4 Elimination of gender disparity in wages.

(c) Gender, peace and security (i) changing masculinities in the Armed Forces of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, (ii) gender analysis of the responsibility to protect doctrine and (iii) how development interventions address gender based violence.

Attention was called to gender based violence as a tool of war and oppression before, during and after conflict.

It also underestimates sexual violence as a specific and grave problem, ignores the systematic nature of the practice, and makes this gender violation invisible, thereby contributing to impunity.

d) Educate men and boys to respect women and girls as equal partners in all spheres of life and society and mobilize them against gender based violence

It is disheartening that sexual and gender based violence, including trafficking in persons, continue to be used as weapons of war in conflicts.

In Sierra Leone, UNIFEM assisted the Law Reform Commission in undertaking a comprehensive review of the legal framework in relation to the criminalization of gender based violence.

There are practically no female managers in businesses owned by men. Business sectors are deeply gender segregated.

Gender sensitive training to enable health care workers to detect and manage the health consequences of gender based violence.

States parties should take appropriate and effective measures to overcome all forms of gender based violence, whether by public or private act.

States parties should take all legal and other measures that are necessary to provide effective protection of women against gender based violence.

Gender equality overcoming pervasive gender bias

The position of Sex Discrimination Commissioner has been occupied in a substantive capacity since the passage of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984.

The definition of crimes against humanity includes all of the most egregious examples of gender based violence the horrific results of which we have seen in too many conflict areas.

SGBV against women and girls in particular continued to prompt flight and to take place in insecure situations after displacement.

Most educational institutions are gender based, from primary to university level.

As we noted last year during the open debate on this topic, sexual and gender based violence remains alarmingly pervasive in conflict affected areas.

The academic training is accompanied by practical training with visits to the office of the medico legal expert to see various medico legal cases including gender based violence against women.

Mr. Kälin said that the Human Rights Committee had always stressed the protection of the rights of women against gender based violations and trafficking.

The horizontal and vertical gender segregation has not declined since the submission of the previous report.

Irish refugee law permitted asylum applications on the ground of gender based persecution.

The gravity of sexual and gender based violence in Darfur was highlighted in an important and thorough report released on 8 March by the non governmental organization Médicins Sans Frontières.

Other provisions of the Act protect against sex discrimination in areas such as employment, education and provision of goods, services and facilities.

To better assist survivors of gender based violence, UNHCR and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) have started a pilot programme in the United Republic of Tanzania for the provision of post exposure prophylaxis.

In the camps, frustration and resentment were rife, leading to clashes between refugees and authorities and violence, including SGBV.

It promised a concerted international response to the scourge of human trafficking, gender based violence and discrimination.

The incidence of sexual and gender based violence has been appallingly high in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Given its causes and impact, trafficking in women should be seen as a grave form of gender based violence.

Are offices making efforts to remove the gender bias embedded in standard practice?

States parties should ensure that laws against family violence and abuse, rape, sexual assault and other gender based violence give adequate protection to all women, and respect their integrity and dignity.