The result will be to raise the prices of China s exports and fuel demand for imports.

But this restructuring will tend to reduce, not increase, import demand, as exports and investment are much more import intensive than consumption.

Those investments will drain most of the country s domestic savings and sustain high demand for imports.

Associated with import demand elasticity estimates, quantity measures can be translated into price effects quite safely.

The resulting weakness of the US economy will mean lower US import demand.

To obtain AVE measures, NTB quantity measures have to be associated with estimates of import demand elasticities.

Imports could fall, as they did during the crisis, but that was due to declining demand, not to a shift in demand in favor of domestic producers.

Expansion in domestic demand resulted in an increase of 22 per cent in imports.

However, many economies in the ESCAP region have relied on American import demand as an important driver of growth, which would be choked off by a sizeable fall in the dollar.

The onset of the Great Depression saw a collapse of demand, which in turn led to a sharp fall in imports.

Indeed, the policy calculus in Northern Europe greatly underestimates the economic losses due to the disruptions imposed on the South by excessive austerity and wage deflation. The resulting high levels of youth unemployment, health problems, and idle production capacity also all have a substantial impact on demand for imports from the North.

Moreover, quantity measures associated with information on import demand elasticities could give price effect estimates and thus allow for the computation of AVEs.

That notion has now been turned on its head as economic growth has stalled, falling import demand from trade partners has caused economic woes to spread and deepen.

The result will be to raise the prices of China s exports and fuel demand for imports. The effect will be much the same as a currency appreciation.

Such measures may actually contribute to decreasing demand for CFCs in the market, but, in principle, they may also constitute an incentive to increase illegal imports.

But domestic demand, which determines imports, consists not only of consumption, but also of fixed asset investment.

But domestic demand, which determines imports, consists not only of consumption, but also of fixed asset investment. Indeed, rapid growth in investment may translate into high import growth and trade deficits.

Moreover, one can easily imagine that import demand would soar further if the US and the European Union lifted their bans on exports of high tech products to China.

Import demand within the developing economies is unlikely to compensate fully for the slowdown in the developed economies, but China will continue to be an important determinant of trade performance for most parts of the region.

More broadly, given Europe s slide into recession and only a slow rise in world trade volume, renewed growth and stronger import demand in Japan would support global recovery.

If growth in the trade sector boosts that of domestic non trade sectors, then a fixed exchange rate will not put pressure on the external balance of payments as demand for imports rises.

Sometimes they are a precursor to import restraints.

On the one hand, seized illegal imports demonstrate the efficiency of the licensing system and actual customs controls, on the other they indicate that demand for cheap CFCs continues to be important.

Exchange rates should be realigned in a coordinated fashion to stimulate exports from deficit countries and import demand from surplus countries.

2390 Internal taxes and charges levied on imports n.e.s.

During those years, the rise in the volume of net imports just balanced the effect of the dollar s fall on the total cost of imports.

They will remain an important source of import demand, especially for high technology and industrial goods.

However, it has also limited the expansion of domestic demand and import growth, exacerbating rather than redressing the global imbalances.

The country relies on Russia for various imports, including petroleum.

China s real estate investment accounted for 10 of GDP, and slower investment growth in the sector necessarily reduces import demand, directly and indirectly.

(c) Imports exports

6350 Import diversification

(Millions of United States dollars)

Cheap imports ameliorate the effects of wage stagnation.

On the contrary, the larger the fall in domestic demand in response to a cut in government expenditure, the more imports will fall and the stronger the improvement in the current account and thus ultimately the reduction in the risk premium will be.

3110 Minimum import prices

3340 Flexible import fees

4110 Advance import deposit

They may increase the import cost in a fashion similar to tariff measures.

While the decline in aggregate demand led to reduced imports, the combination of higher interest rates, lower public expenditure, tax increases, and wage deflation boosted unemployment and triggered recession.

Illegal Imports Detected

By contrast, the lower dollar makes reduced consumption consistent with full employment by shifting consumer spending from imports to domestic goods and services, and by supplementing this rise in domestic demand with increased exports.

All aggressively promoted investment and exports while discouraging (or remaining agnostic about) imports.

Such a revaluation would also discourage exports and encourage imports, thereby reducing China s chronic trade surplus.

Energy demand