Costs and economic damage

The economic and social costs become pervasive.

Emphasis would be placed on the economic and social costs of not taking action.

The economic costs of hepatitis C are significant both to the individual and to society.

The economic costs and benefits of decentralization are not well quantified.

Yet, despite increasing economic costs, Iran s response only hardened.

The economic cost associated with natural disasters has increased 14 fold since the 1950s.

But the economic costs are enormous, and they go well beyond budgetary outlays.

In an environment of ultra low interest rates, the economic cost of being late is low.

The economic costs implied by this uncertainty could be reduced if there were a market for growth risk.

Japan s lost decades provide a grim lesson of the economic cost of neglecting such reform.

The longer this choice is postponed, the greater the economic and political cost that ultimately will have to be paid.

Although the economic costs of income inequality are substantial, the political costs may prove to be the most damaging and dangerous. The rich have both the incentives and the ability to promote policies that maintain or enhance their position.

The cost of such events in terms of destroyed property and economic disruption has been rising steadily.

If Taiwan were to declare independence, it is likely that China would use force, regardless of the perceived economic or military costs.

A shift in focus to economic development will save a vast number of lives and convert the unthinkably large economic costs of war into economic benefits through development.

With public support, progress could be much faster. The price tags are huge, but the current economic and financial crisis has taught us not to be afraid of ten digit numbers.

In Ancient Rome, while suicide was initially permitted, it was later deemed a crime against the state due to its economic costs.

The economic benefits, estimated to be between five and nineteen times higher than the costs, are dramatic.

And economic models show that France has lost as many or more jobs because of the extra costs of the subsidies.

In economic terms, these costs should be internalized by the factory farmers rather than being shifted onto the rest of us.

The US has no prospect of a military victory in Afghanistan or Iraq these wars economic costs can hardly be borne anymore, and political support at home is dwindling.

With so many people in Iraq suffering so much in so many ways, it may seem callous to discuss the economic costs.

Evaluating the economic, social and environmental costs of inadequate provision of clean water and sanitation and the economic benefits of proposed solutions might help to persuade Governments to mobilize and allocate more resources in support of the water and sanitation goals.

According to the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, the economic costs of disasters associated with natural hazards have increased fourteen fold since the 1950s.

Beyond the economic and human costs of wars fought to maintain reliable oil supplies are the tremendous costs which are set to rise substantially in the coming years associated with human induced climate change.

Leaving aside the cost in terms of human lives, the economic costs of maintaining peace are but a fraction of what would be required for humanitarian assistance, military intervention, and peacekeeping operations should the country relapse into conflict.

Stopping temperatures from rising by more than 2 C would require draconian, instant emission reductions for the OECD the reductions would have to be between 40 50 below their expected path in just 12 years. Even if political consensus could be found, the cost would be phenomenal one model estimates that the total global cost would be around 84 trillion, while the economic benefits would amount to just a seventh of this amount.

Using a more realistic approach, and including monitoring and administration costs, the outlay for governments will still be less than half of the economic benefits.

The Bottom Line An investigation of the Economic, Cultural and Social Costs of Industrial Longline Fishing in the Pacific and the Benefits of Sustainable Use of Marine Protected Areas

With regard to the financial arrangements, it will be recalled that in accordance with the practice followed on the occasion of previous multilateral disarmament conferences, and as reflected in the Rules of Procedure, the costs of such conferences, including those pertaining to preparatory meetings, would be shared among the States Parties participating in the conferences, based upon the United Nations scale of assessment pro rated to take into account the number of

Subject to the States Parties' approval of the estimated costs and cost sharing formula, assessment notices will be prepared based on the overall estimated costs and applicable cost sharing formula.

While the economic toll of graft cannot be precisely quantified, indirect evidence suggests that the costs are significant. Multinational executives frequently cite China as their favorite investment destination, but many of them also complain about rampant graft.

American voters, who are famously loathe to increase taxes, might start thinking a lot harder about the real economic costs of their country s superpower status.

Of course, economic relations between states foster interdependence, decreasing the risk of conflict. But if conflict does erupt, the cost is far higher.

And it may seem particularly self absorbed to focus on the economic costs to America, which embarked on this war in violation of international law.

Total cost 133 300

Administrative costs

There are a number of other costs, some potentially quite large, although quantifying them is problematic.

But, under any circumstances, the economic and welfare costs of China s slow pace in adjusting the renminbi s exchange rate are too high and will increase by the day.

(a) General costs

Operational costs

Cost effectiveness

Now we see that these were only a small part of the total costs.

2005 18 UNDP strategic cost management and implications for cost recovery