At 60 a barrel, expect the measured long term rate of potential world output growth to slow by roughly 0.3 per year.

Argentina s long term GDP growth has been disappointing.

Short run exchange rate adjustments simply cannot fix negative long term trends.

Governments will not sacrifice near and medium term economic growth for long term environmental benefits.

High oil prices also threaten to slow long term productivity growth.

Romney overstates his tax proposals long term growth effects as well.

To achieve sustained growth, a balance between short term and long term objectives must be struck.

Long term growth depends not on foreign demand, but on domestic supply.

Finally, innovation must be promoted as a long term generator of growth.

This not only impaired long term growth, but also increased food insecurity.

The ECB has been offering long term loans to banks at a favorable rate.

The degree of financial repression in a country can be estimated by calculating the gap between the average nominal GDP growth rate and the average long term interest rate, with a larger gap indicating more severe repression.

While projections of China s future growth vary, all predict weaker economic performance in the short term and even lower growth rates in the long term.

By contrast, limiting migration slows economic growth and undermines societies long term competitiveness.

Donors should lend their support by backing long term solutions aimed at increasing food production, slowing population growth, and mitigating long term global climate change.

Otherwise, it will be impossible to achieve long term poverty reduction and inclusive growth.

However, in order to sustain long term economic growth, active development strategies are required.

After that, however, the Soviet growth rate and share of global output began a long decline.

The long term driving force of modern economic growth has been science based technological advance.

Back in the early 1990's, American officials like me who were making long term forecasts for the Clinton administration cautioned that it would be rash to forecast an average long run growth rate of more than 2.5 per year and that actual growth might turn out to be even slower.

Reliance on investment will not enable China to achieve stable, long term growth and prosperity on the contrary it may well inflict serious long term damage on economic performance.

The problem? An invasion of short term capital flows fleeing the slow growth, low interest rate advanced countries.

This manner of governance bodes well neither for economic growth nor democracy in the long term.

The advanced countries, which can best afford to restrain long term growth, must lead by example.

Each country should focus on what it needs to do to achieve sustained long term growth.

Cutting taxes is certainly not bad in principle, especially for supporting long term investment and growth.

Profitability its ability to earn income and sustain growth in both the short and long term.

Long term sustainability of debt depends mainly on the growth and export prospects of debtor countries.

But this history means that the true real long term interest rate was not as high in the 1980 s as our measures show, because long term inflation expectations must have been much higher than the one year inflation rate was at the time.

Investors are buying long term bonds at the current low interest rates because the interest rate on short term investments is now close to zero.

The recent rise in the US household saving rate reversed a long term decline that began 25 years ago.

While too rapid a rate of immigration can cause social problems, over the long term, immigration strengthens US power.

Similarly, loans for economic development should be extended at a concessionary interest rate with a long term payback schedule.

The low interest rate on long term Treasury bonds has also boosted demand for other long term assets that promise higher yields, including equities, farm land, high yield corporate bonds, gold, and real estate.

Using it for investment would enhance long term growth, with positive spillovers to the rest of Europe.

China s long term growth potential and that of the rest of developing Asia is not pre defined.

To reach the next stage of economic development, China needs a new growth model. Reliance on investment will not enable China to achieve stable, long term growth and prosperity on the contrary it may well inflict serious long term damage on economic performance.

So here, too, the logic points to a vicious circle Slower growth leads to artificial remedies and further erosion of long term growth potential.

Generating the rapid long term economic growth that Latin American countries need requires that they fulfill three conditions.

The G 20 will not achieve growth and stability without a renewed focus on long term debt reduction.

But demand management is only part of the job when it comes to fostering long term economic growth.

The Fed is buying Treasury bonds and long term mortgage backed securities at a rate of 85 billion a month, equivalent to an annual rate of 1,020 billion.

Debt and inflation will reappear as medium term problems, so it is critical that the fiscal ammunition used helps long term productivity, growth, and sustainability.

The catch is that the multiplier turns negative by year two extra government spending contracts, rather than expands, medium term and long term economic growth.

But such an insignificant rate hike will do little to relieve long term pressures, because investors will expect more rate hikes and move money into China, increasing upward pressure on the yuan s exchange rate.