Substitution effect

But this substitution cannot continue indefinitely.

1926, Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, called this substitution.

Substitution of CO by Lewis bases, L, to give derivatives Fe(CO)5 xLx.

Now the substitution of capital for labor is moving beyond manufacturing.

Back in 1980, the IMF came close to adopting a so called SDR Substitution Account.

Structuralists typically advised governments to adopt import substitution strategies, using public sector intervention to overcome market failures.

Fuelwood conservation and substitution is of high priority in the African forest sector.

(iii) Substitution, as set out in chapters 19 and 20 of Agenda 21

A substitution account, housed at the IMF, would enable countries to convert their existing reserve holdings into SDRs.

Innovation and substitution followed, which ultimately produced many more calories and much more wealth.

Also outlined are options for St. Helena to generate sustainable wealth through internal investment, tourism, exports and import substitution.

Capital labor substitution is at the heart of modern productivity strategies for manufacturing based economies.

It wants to keep prices lower to maintain the global economy s oil addiction and deter technological substitution of alternative energy sources.

Agriculture is already responding positively to climate change mitigation through substitution of fossil fuels, continued energy efficiency and carbon sequestration.

Katz, Jorge, and Bernardo Kosacoff (2000). Technological learning, institution building, and the microeconomics of import substitution.

While there are currently other priorities, it would be useful for the IMF to study anew an SDR substitution account and similar schemes.

Substitution of paracetamol for aspirin, researchers proposed, may have led to an enhanced allergic immune response, thereby increasing susceptibility to asthma and other allergic disorders.

At a subsequent meeting, the council, citing the petition, annulled its original decision without any substitution of an alternative.

Some Parties noted that currently there is limited scope for substitution of non petroleum fuels in the transport sector.

Even if an SDR Substitution Account is established, it is unlikely that the dollar s share in international reserves would fall to an insignificant level.

But there are limits to substitutability the costs of substitution (including human ingenuity) often increase in previously unknown ways as key resources are degraded.

Except when the Committee requests otherwise, such reports shall not be submitted in substitution for an initial or periodic report.

Like all Unix shells, it supports filename wildcarding, piping, here documents, command substitution, variables and control structures for condition testing and iteration.

There are also isotopomers or isotopic isomers that have the same numbers of each type of isotopic substitution but in chemically different positions.

International human rights law demands substitution of the previous requirement upon children to adapt themselves to whatever education was available by adapting education to the best interests of each child (Tomaševski 2004).

That is why the energy tax must be imposed as a tax substitution, with income or payroll taxes simultaneously reduced to keep real resource transfers to government at a constant level.

One example of this was the attempt to prop up heavy industries using an import substitution strategy based on what I call the old structuralism, or Development Thinking 1.0 .

What about possible losses suffered by the Substitution Account? This can be dealt with by setting aside part of the IMF s large gold stock.

He underscored in particular the programme of the King of Thailand on Sufficient economy , which focused on a variety of measures including crop substitution.

The substitution of forests by maize, rape, and other oilseed cultivation reduces the stock of biomass and likewise leads to an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere.

As a result, on February 24, 2005, the Plenary of the House of Representatives approved seven Articles of the Senate's substitution to Bill No. 117 03, by Deputy Iara Bernardi.

This does not mean an increase in overall taxation, but simply a substitution in each country of a pollution (carbon) tax for some current taxes.

The East Asian and other economies that achieved dynamic growth and became industrialized did not follow import substitution strategies instead, they pursued export oriented growth.

As Fred Bergsten has reminded us, the mechanism is already available in the form of the substitution account that was negotiated in the IMF in 1980.

Some national bodies, such as the Deutsche Handball Bund (DHB, German Handball Federation ), allow substitution in junior teams only when in ball possession or during timeouts.

In particular, the obligations contained in articles 10, 11, 12 and 13 shall apply with the substitution for references to torture or references to other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

The contact group on consideration of alternatives for new sources considered that the term alternatives could generally be taken to include substitution, unless reference was being made to a specific part of the Convention.

And, apart from possible political considerations, large holders of dollars would find a substitution account attractive as a form of protection against strong fluctuations in the dollar s value.

Substitution therapy is the least used approach, possibly reflecting the fact that it is only relevant for opioid dependence and that it is still controversial in some regions.

In developing countries, import substitution as a way to jump start economic diversification can work for a while but, over time, as productivity growth lags and comparative advantage is over ridden, growth grinds to a halt.

Calls upon the International community to increase its assistance to enhance the efforts of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to curb the Plantation of Opium Poppies, production and trafficking of narcotics and to strengthen crop substitution program in Afghanistan.

These are just a few examples of the vast misuse of the country s resources, owing to the marked preference of Senegal s elite to use import licenses to build up their own fortunes rather than develop import substitution industries.

Similarly, to cultivate bio fuels on land that would otherwise be used to produce sustainable construction materials would drive up the prices of these materials and encourage their substitution by non sustainable materials like concrete and steel.

Substantive issues Right to equal treatment before the courts and tribunals, right to access to courts, right to have one's right determined without undue delay