Substitution effect

But this substitution cannot continue indefinitely.

1926, Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology, called this substitution.

Now the substitution of capital for labor is moving beyond manufacturing.

Blood is pumped through the blood compartment of a high flux dialyzer, and a high rate of ultrafiltration is used, so there is a high rate of movement of water and solutes from blood to dialysate that must be replaced by substitution fluid that is infused directly into the blood line.

Fuelwood conservation and substitution is of high priority in the African forest sector.

(iii) Substitution, as set out in chapters 19 and 20 of Agenda 21

For a time the administration stated and maintained a strategy of keeping the exchange rate at between 2.90 to 3.10 pesos per U.S. dollar, in order to maintain the competitiveness of exports and encourage import substitution by local industries.

Innovation and substitution followed, which ultimately produced many more calories and much more wealth.

Substitution of CO by Lewis bases, L, to give derivatives Fe(CO)5 xLx.

Back in 1980, the IMF came close to adopting a so called SDR Substitution Account.

Capital labor substitution is at the heart of modern productivity strategies for manufacturing based economies.

Katz, Jorge, and Bernardo Kosacoff (2000). Technological learning, institution building, and the microeconomics of import substitution.

The only desirable scenario, therefore, is a Chinese economy that transmits its stimulus to the rest of the world mainly through rising imports generated by rapid economic growth (i.e., the income effect on import demand), rather than by exchange rate appreciation (the substitution effect).

Structuralists typically advised governments to adopt import substitution strategies, using public sector intervention to overcome market failures.

A substitution account, housed at the IMF, would enable countries to convert their existing reserve holdings into SDRs.

At a subsequent meeting, the council, citing the petition, annulled its original decision without any substitution of an alternative.

Some Parties noted that currently there is limited scope for substitution of non petroleum fuels in the transport sector.

Also outlined are options for St. Helena to generate sustainable wealth through internal investment, tourism, exports and import substitution.

Except when the Committee requests otherwise, such reports shall not be submitted in substitution for an initial or periodic report.

Agriculture is already responding positively to climate change mitigation through substitution of fossil fuels, continued energy efficiency and carbon sequestration.

It wants to keep prices lower to maintain the global economy s oil addiction and deter technological substitution of alternative energy sources.

Like all Unix shells, it supports filename wildcarding, piping, here documents, command substitution, variables and control structures for condition testing and iteration.

While there are currently other priorities, it would be useful for the IMF to study anew an SDR substitution account and similar schemes.

There are also isotopomers or isotopic isomers that have the same numbers of each type of isotopic substitution but in chemically different positions.

What about possible losses suffered by the Substitution Account? This can be dealt with by setting aside part of the IMF s large gold stock.

Even if an SDR Substitution Account is established, it is unlikely that the dollar s share in international reserves would fall to an insignificant level.

But there are limits to substitutability the costs of substitution (including human ingenuity) often increase in previously unknown ways as key resources are degraded.

He underscored in particular the programme of the King of Thailand on Sufficient economy , which focused on a variety of measures including crop substitution.

The effective interest rate, effective annual interest rate, annual equivalent rate (AER) or simply effective rate is the interest rate on a loan or financial product restated from the nominal interest rate as an interest rate with annual compound interest payable in arrears.

This does not mean an increase in overall taxation, but simply a substitution in each country of a pollution (carbon) tax for some current taxes.

The East Asian and other economies that achieved dynamic growth and became industrialized did not follow import substitution strategies instead, they pursued export oriented growth.

Substitution of paracetamol for aspirin, researchers proposed, may have led to an enhanced allergic immune response, thereby increasing susceptibility to asthma and other allergic disorders.

As Fred Bergsten has reminded us, the mechanism is already available in the form of the substitution account that was negotiated in the IMF in 1980.

Some national bodies, such as the Deutsche Handball Bund (DHB, German Handball Federation ), allow substitution in junior teams only when in ball possession or during timeouts.

The population growth rate surged as the mortality rate dropped more rapidly than the birth rate.

ABR Available bit rate a minimum guaranteed rate is specified.

And, apart from possible political considerations, large holders of dollars would find a substitution account attractive as a form of protection against strong fluctuations in the dollar s value.

Substitution therapy is the least used approach, possibly reflecting the fact that it is only relevant for opioid dependence and that it is still controversial in some regions.

The malnutrition rate and the child mortality rate have been reduced.

One example of this was the attempt to prop up heavy industries using an import substitution strategy based on what I call the old structuralism, or Development Thinking 1.0 .

Daily rate

Spending rate

Today the overall literacy rate in Albania is 98.7 the male literacy rate is 99.2 and female literacy rate is 98.3 .

Table 1.6 Total birth rate and population growth rate in Viet Nam ( )