Latin America s Commodity Windfall

The Soviet system left behind another windfall for naturalists.

Even the United States has imposed a windfall profits tax.

Of course, any windfall to borrowers has to come from someone else s wealth.

In addition, there should be a windfall profits tax on oil and gas companies.

Though the army has reaped a financial windfall from US military aid, and has targeted many foreign militants allied with al Qaeda in the region, its performance against Pakistani militants has been mixed at best.

A bride price or dowry can also be a much needed windfall for desperate families.

First, high commodity prices yield windfall profits for the region s leading producers of raw materials.

But there is a simple answer renegotiate if that is impossible, impose a windfall profit tax.

Smangus people cleaned the road with their own effort and put the windfall beech on the sideway.

Historically, fiscal profligacy tends to take hold at times like these, with windfall revenues wasted on extravagant public projects.

But the iron ore companies have gotten a windfall gain as iron ore prices have soared (nearly doubling since 2007).

Yet they were not subject to windfall profit taxation, nor have policymakers sufficiently altered structural incentives that encourage excessive risk taking.

They no longer dwell on impending climate doom, but on the economic windfall that will result from embracing the green economy.

As a result, the price boom is boosting windfall profits for the owners of oil deposits rather than improving countries' public finances.

But, because of political pressure exerted by small, powerful interest groups, windfall profits will inevitably be spent at home in unwise subsidies.

Never mind that high demand drives up oil prices, creating a windfall for many in the Middle East who are not among America s friends.

In the meantime, the public should be cautious of politicians claims that deploying today s inefficient, expensive technology will result in windfall benefits at no cost.

While the sharp rise in oil prices during 2004 led to windfall revenues for oil exporting countries, its impact on the global economy was limited.

Yet the absence of any such growth windfall in a still sluggish US economy has unmasked QE as little more than a yield seeking liquidity foil.

To determine what should be done with this windfall, it is important to know whether the increase in commodity prices is likely to be permanent or transitory.

For example, formerly communist countries earned emission credits at zero cost on the heavy industries that they had to shut down and reaped windfall profits by selling them.

A well designed tax on oil would also reduce demand, thereby lowering the potential for windfall profits for those who rule or own the ground over the oil deposits.

Yet, the foreign oil companies get 82 of the increase in the case of oil, this would amount to a windfall for them of 32 a barrel or more.

Finally, high oil prices in the past 12 months provided an unexpectedly large windfall to the Iraqi budget, allowing for the financing of other sectors without slighting the oil industry.

Bernanke has gone even further, arguing that the growth windfall from QE would be more than sufficient to compensate for any destabilizing hot money flows in and out of emerging economies.

Given this, it would be wise to spend at least part of the windfall on improving the capacity to innovate, which is essential for a long term growth beyond the fluctuation of international commodity prices.

Some people see in Chavez an innovative statesman who has seized an almost magical moment the windfall Venezuela has received from today s sky high oil prices to change the rules of the game in his country.

Unfortunately, many countries have already signed bad contracts that give a disproportionate share of the resources value to private foreign companies. But there is a simple answer renegotiate if that is impossible, impose a windfall profit tax.

If this 'black gold' represents an opportunity for economic growth, the fear that the windfall may not benefit the local populations and maybe even become a curse is shared by Sub Saharan African citizens and experts alike.

Well designed, competitive, transparent auctions can generate much more revenue than sweetheart deals. Contracts, too, should be transparent, and should ensure that if prices soar as they have repeatedly the windfall gain does not go only to the company.

Iran s regional foreign policy has not yet caught up with its new pre eminence it is making as many enemies as it is gaining friends, and it might squander the windfall gains that it made in the past three years.

While there is a tendency to overrate the impact of the oil windfall on current growth, analyses based on long term trends suggest that the economies of the ESCWA member countries have performed well below their potential since the early 1980s.

In a growth mechanism where the external oil windfall component weakens, the internal component, which is dependent on higher productivity, technology and an adequate articulation between physical and human capital, would be best employed in offsetting the fall in oil rents.

Financial intermediary and auxiliary financial services

Financial reports and audited financial statements

Financial deregulation made London a global financial center.

The Financial Regulations apply to the financial period 2005 2006 and to subsequent financial periods.9

Power corrupts, and financial power corrupts the financial system.

Along the efficiency frontier of financial regulation, one needs to consider the tradeoff between financial innovation and financial stability.

Establishment of a financial investigation unit to monitor illicit financial transactions.

Financial provisions

Financial Hypocrisy

Financial overview

Financial resources.