First, the production chain must shift from export dependence toward domestic consumption.

Specifically, export dependence partly reflects the high degree of difficulty of doing business in China.

But there is another explanation for China s excessive export dependence, one that has more to do with the country s poor political and economic institutions.

But exchange rates do affect the pattern of growth, and it is in China s own interest to restructure and move away from high dependence on export led growth.

Sugar was the primary export from the 1940s on, but rising production costs, low world market prices, and the government's efforts to reduce dependence on it have led to a growing diversification of the agricultural sector.

The three major factors that LLDCs are dependent on their transit neighbours are dependence on transit infrastructure, dependence on political relations with neighbours, and dependence on internal peace and stability within transit neighbours.

Reduced European dependence on the US export market can hardly protect Europe from the effects of the US economic slowdown if the euro appreciates as much against the key Asian currencies as it has against the dollar.

Core countries, meanwhile, argue that they can do little to strengthen aggregate demand and relieve pressure on their partners, even as the periphery s agony is dragging the core into recession, owing to its dependence on peripheral export markets.

Unfortunately, with a large export sector that employs scores of millions of workers, this dependence has become structural, which implies that to reduce China s trade dependency and trade surplus is much more than a matter of adjusting macroeconomic policy.

Too much dependence has also had an infantilizing effect.

Dependence will decline as the international trade regime improves.

Energy dependence was a major source of economic vulnerability.

A successful export strategy hinges not on how much countries export, but on what they export and how their export sectors are integrated with other domestic economic activities.

Instead of exporting oil directly, they could export their energy embedded in metals, chemicals, and manufactured products at prices that undercut anything producers in the oil consuming countries, especially Europe and the US, could match, given their dependence on higher cost alternative energy sources.

Nabucco would reach Europe via Turkey and would drastically reduce Caspian supplier countries dependence on Russia s pipelines, and the new southeastern EU members dependence on Russian gas supplies.

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So, in general, dependence on Russian gas should not be feared.

Declining dependence on external sources, properly pursued, is an important development.

Moreover, the US has not shaken off its dependence on oil.

The economy seemed to have escaped its dependence on inventory accumulation.

To urge Parties that export or re export ozone depleting substances to seek information from the importing country on the import license prior to issuing export or re export license for the shipment concerned

To urge Parties that export or re export ozone depleting substances to seek information from the importing country on the import license prior to issuing export or re export license for the shipment concerned

The first is that dependence on Middle East oil is increasingly risky.

This same short term thinking characterizes the world s dependence on fossil fuels.

One result was a deepening of North Korea s economic dependence on China.

This external dependence increases their vulnerability to external economic threats and shocks.

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