Dependence will decline as the international trade regime improves.

UNCTAD presented a paper on Africa's trade performance and commodity dependence at the workshop.

European growth, with its heavy dependence on trade, received a special boost, as did emerging markets.

See UNCTAD, Economic Development in Africa Trade Performance and Commodity Dependence (United Nations publication, Sales No.

Indeed, Latvia was particularly hard hit by the slump in global trade in 2008 2009, given its dependence on exports.

In the case of the US, heavy dependence on imported oil has worsened the trade deficit and further weakened the dollar.

For trade in goods, the new free trade zone is intended to compete directly with Singapore and Hong Kong. China fears dependence on those entrepôts in the event of conflict.

Combined with higher trade among them, the future of emerging economies is one of reduced dependence on industrial country demand, though not a complete decoupling.

During the 2008 2009 financial crisis, GDP fell much more in Germany because of its dependence on collapsing global trade than in the United States.

To reduce their dependence on commodities they also have signed free trade agreements with the US (inexplicably not approved by the US Congress in the case of Colombia).

But this was due not to bilateral corrections in these countries trade relationships with the US, but mostly to their energy dependence and the decade s energy price shocks.

Unfortunately, with a large export sector that employs scores of millions of workers, this dependence has become structural, which implies that to reduce China s trade dependency and trade surplus is much more than a matter of adjusting macroeconomic policy.

The three major factors that LLDCs are dependent on their transit neighbours are dependence on transit infrastructure, dependence on political relations with neighbours, and dependence on internal peace and stability within transit neighbours.

At the same time, Europe s growing dependence on imported fossil fuels is a further hindrance to competitiveness. In 2011, the EU s combined trade deficit was 150 billion ( 200 billion).

This reflects inter alia the dependence of the Palestinian economy on a single market (Israel), which is also observed in the importance of each partner in the total trade of the other.

Too much dependence has also had an infantilizing effect.

Energy dependence was a major source of economic vulnerability.

Nabucco would reach Europe via Turkey and would drastically reduce Caspian supplier countries dependence on Russia s pipelines, and the new southeastern EU members dependence on Russian gas supplies.

So, in general, dependence on Russian gas should not be feared.

Declining dependence on external sources, properly pursued, is an important development.

Moreover, the US has not shaken off its dependence on oil.

The economy seemed to have escaped its dependence on inventory accumulation.

First, the production chain must shift from export dependence toward domestic consumption.

The first is that dependence on Middle East oil is increasingly risky.

This same short term thinking characterizes the world s dependence on fossil fuels.

One result was a deepening of North Korea s economic dependence on China.

This external dependence increases their vulnerability to external economic threats and shocks.

This did not, however, imply a return to the 1930 s, in large part because energy dependence forced industrial countries to maintain an open trade regime so that they could earn the money to pay for oil and gasoline.

Moreover, it would boost food supplies and reduce Afghanistan s exorbitant dependence on imports.

But Raúl Castro wants to avoid dependence on one or two countries alone.

But the element of personal dependence is a throwback to the preindustrial world.

Commodity dependence, even with the creation of considerable domestic value added, remains high.

The Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates.

More political education was needed to break the psychology and culture of dependence.

The economy remained weak, however, with dependence on a few commodities, including vanilla.

Competition in fund raising is obviously accentuated by the dependence on supplementary funding.

Whereas oil speculators have gained, both the US and global economies have suffered and been pushed closer to recession. In the case of the US, heavy dependence on imported oil has worsened the trade deficit and further weakened the dollar.

While these figures may be helpful in indicating how countries can harness services trade for development, developing countries remain particularly vulnerable to external shocks over which they have no control, given their over dependence on a limited number of service activities.

Over dependence on aid and oil revenues characterizes almost all the economies of WANA.

The worst difficulties stem from China s dependence on international markets, especially the United States.

Interruption was also associated with homelessness, intravenous drug use, and alcohol dependence in Hamburg.

More importantly, the crisis highlighted the risks associated with high dependence on foreign capital.

The 1973 oil crisis strengthened Sweden's commitment to decrease dependence on imported fossil fuels.

We are convinced that Africa's dependence on aid will diminish as growth prospects improve.

A viable Russia policy for Europe must recognize Europe s growing dependence on Russian energy resources.