The second difference concerns the exchange rate regime.

But China s monetary policy has been hamstrung by the tightly managed exchange rate regime.

As for China s renminbi, it is still supported by a highly political exchange rate regime.

Thus, the exchange rate regime in Latin America today is one of actively managed floating.

Exchange Rate Disorder

Currency exchange rate

Currency exchange rate

Exchange rate fluctuation

(f) Exchange rate

China s Exchange Rate Puzzle

Consider the exchange rate.

Exchange rate gains EXPENDITURE

2002 Capital flows and the exchange rate regime and their role in developing countries and emerging economies, Oxford, United Kingdom.

It is a lot easier to exit from a fixed exchange rate regime when the pressures on the currency are upwards.

First, China needs capital controls to retain monetary policy independence until it is ready to adopt a floating exchange rate regime.

Such a move would deter excessive investment in productive capacity, and ease the implementation of a more flexible exchange rate regime.

Accounting for exchange rate fluctuations

Balance of exchange rate adjustments

One important lesson from Latin America s journey concerns the futility of relying on the exchange rate regime as the main stabilization instrument.

On the one hand, pegging local currencies to the dollar renders monetary policy completely ineffective, as in a fixed exchange rate regime.

The first is exchange rate relationships.

Reserve for exchange rate fluctuations 1,840.8

(n) Reserve for exchange rate fluctuations

exchange rate indices for exports a

But the weight give to the exchange rate is higher today in the US China dispute, because, whereas Japan had a managed float exchange rate regime in the 1980 s and 1990 s, the Chinese exercise much tighter control over the renminbi.

The political obsession with a better exchange rate regime amounts to an invitation to private markets to make large amounts of money by betting against those central banks that are pressed by politicians to take a particular view of the exchange rate.

Second, the exchange rate is vitally important.

The prevailing exchange rate system is lopsided.

Exchange rate euro to United States dollar

f Free or parallel exchange rate used.

Lack of exchange rate information for 1992

Is that a fair rate of exchange?

For 2003, 2004 and 2005, the floor rate of exchange is 1.0272 and the ceiling rate of exchange is 1.1128.

The existing exchange rate arrangements in most ESCWA member countries incorporate negative aspects of the two extremes of exchange rate regimes.

b The letter F indicates the use of the floor rate of exchange, the letter C indicates the use of the ceiling rate of exchange and the letter A indicates the actual rate of exchange.

Europe's fixed exchange rate mechanism collapsed in 1992.

a Based on December 2005 rate of exchange.

Exchange rate of assessed contributions paid in US

This included 1.5 million in exchange rate gains.

Commercial exchange rate (leks per dollar) see text.

I don't know. What's the rate of exchange?

But, owing to China s skewed economic structure, its exchange rate regime presents much more challenging problems than those encountered by Japan and other East Asian economies.

There was no automated exchange rate control over transactions coming from field offices, which entails a risk of posting the wrong exchange rate.

There was no automated exchange rate control over transactions coming from field offices, which entails a risk of posting the wrong exchange rate.

Both structural factors and the exchange rate are discussed.