The fund invests in developed financial markets outside Norway.

The inflation indexed bond markets were not well developed in the 1980 s.

Now the crisis has spread, predictably, to emerging markets and less developed countries.

While emerging markets are already significant and growing further, there is still a large potential to be tapped in developed country markets.

The aging of developed markets is well known, but the latest data show that emerging markets are aging at an even faster pace.

Nowhere is this clearer than in a provision that issupposed to give the least developed countriesalmost duty free access to developed countries markets.

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Africa's persistent demand for access to the markets of the developed countries should be met.

However, NTBs are encountered not only in developed country markets but also in developing countries.

And while stock markets are recovering in much of the developed world, Japanese stocks continue to stagnate.

According to an expert,33 the existing developed markets in finance, labour and capital in the developed economies are more the outcome than the cause of economic development.

Lacking well developed capital markets as an alternative source of credit, bank funding channels are especially vital in Asia.

Remarkably, emerging economies with relatively less developed financial markets escaped many of the more egregious consequences of such innovations.

Opening up markets in developed countries is certainly one way of striking a better balance in multilateral trade efforts.

Accordingly, the removal of quotas on textile imports in developed country markets will shift QIZ activities into other lines.

We appeal to the developed countries to open their markets to the exports of developing countries and to guarantee free access, without quotas, to all exports of least developed countries.

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(a) Outsource a part of equity investments and utilize index tracking management in the developed markets for better risk control

Finally, emerging markets need to redouble their efforts to build bond markets, but on a local basis. Countries with more developed bond markets experienced less negative fallout from the crisis, since their large firms retained access to non bank sources of finance.

The investment officer who covers the Japanese and Australian equity markets would become responsible for all developed Asian markets, with coverage expanded to Singapore and Hong Kong which are at present covered by the investment officer in charge of the emerging equity markets.

Meanwhile, in developed capital markets, we are busily reinventing these macroprudential instruments, to use the term now in vogue in Basel.

Second, the projects will earn a return only if developed countries cooperate in setting up the right type of carbon markets.

Overall, what has happened over the past two years was a temporary retreat by SWFs from foreign, mostly developed country, markets.

These include the poor socio economic infrastructure and isolation from world markets owing to its being a landlocked least developed country.

Participants called on developed countries to abolish all forms of subsidies that damage the agricultural production and markets of developing countries.

This would help their supply capacity and would allow LDCs to compete in developed countries' markets and strengthen South South trade.

Many participants called on developed countries to abolish all forms of subsidies that damage developing countries' agricultural production and markets, as well as to discontinue the dumping of cheap subsidized goods into their markets.

After all, developed markets, the favorite targets for SWF investments, were the first to be hit by the 2007 2008 financial crisis.

So long as developed countries do not fully liberalize their markets by reducing high tariffs and removing non tariff barriers to trade, developing countries will continue to face decreased access to markets in rich countries.

More over, Japan in particular was not especially wealthy in an international comparison, and neither country had deep or well developed capital markets.

Nepal reiterated its call for enhanced technical support and unhindered market access for its products to the markets of developed and developing countries.

South African firms have used their relatively lower cost of capital to invest in other African countries where capital markets were not developed.

Second, it is also clear that developed countries must act rapidly and in concert to minimize the impact of the crisis on emerging markets.

As international capital markets developed in the early nineteenth century, state governments borrowed on a large scale, quickly turning them from creditors into debtors.

Fortunately, despite a hobbled recovery in the developed world, emerging markets in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East have enormous latent growth potential.

Although it has lost ground relative to the emerging markets (especially China), it has far outperformed other developed economies like the US and Japan.

Regrettably, those efforts are being hampered by limited access to the markets of developed countries, low disbursements of development assistance and the debt burden.

It is noteworthy that prawns and seafood products exported by the same companies have encountered no such problems in some other developed country markets.

Countries with more developed bond markets experienced less negative fallout from the crisis, since their large firms retained access to non bank sources of finance.

WTO and the international trading system should facilitate the access of developing country commodities to developed country markets and thereby mitigate the impact of crises.

In this respect, developed countries can assist African partners in the promotion of capital markets and their institutions through the provision of education and training.

Here, I draw particular attention to access for our products to developed markets and the subsidies and other forms of domestic support granted by the wealthy countries to their farmers, which impair the competitiveness of our products on world markets.

This supply chain is characterized by the dominance of the state owned banks, high domestic savings, relatively under developed financial markets, and a closed capital account.

Adherence to Codex standards helps to ensure the safety of food exports, which can lead to greater access to export markets, especially those in developed countries.

However, few of their partners had achieved the objective of earmarking 0.15 to 0.2 per cent of their gross national product for the development of the least developed countries, which still had only limited access to the markets of developed countries.